相关论文: Gauge transformation of quantum states in probabil…
Possible generalizations of quantum theory permitting to describe in a unique way the development of the quantum system and the measurement process are discussed. The approach to the problem based on the Lindblad's equation for the…
Dealing with a generic time-local non-Markovian master equation, we define current and power to be process-dependent as in classical thermodynamics. Each process is characterized by a symmetry transformation, a gauge of the master equation,…
Gauge invariance is one of the more important concepts in physics. We discuss this concept in connection with the unitary evolution of discrete-time quantum walks in one and two spatial dimensions, when they include the interaction with…
The following two loosely connected sets of topics are reviewed in these lecture notes: 1) Gauge invariance, its treatment in field theories and its implications for internal symmetries and edge states such as those in the quantum Hall…
We discuss the problem of finding "marginal" distributions within different tomographic approaches to quantum state measurement, and we establish analytical connections among them.
Continuous-variable quantum systems are foundational to quantum computation, communication, and sensing. While traditional representations using wave functions or density matrices are often impractical, the tomographic picture of quantum…
A possibility of describing two-level atom states in terms of positive probability distributions (analog to the symplectic tomography scheme) is considered. As a result the basis of the irreducible representation of a rotation group can be…
Differences between vector potentials in different gauges contain no dynamics in both classical and quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Consequently, once gauge invariance is established, results calculated in non-covariant gauges…
We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…
After surveying the quantum kinematics and dynamics of statistical transmutation, I show how this concept suggests a phase diagram for the two-dimensional matter in a magnetic field, as a function of quantum statistics. I discuss the…
A generalized theory of gauge transformations is presented on the basis of the covariant Hamiltonian formalism of field theory, for which the covariant canonical field equations are equivalent to the Euler-Lagrange field equations. Similar…
We develop a dynamical framework for quantum measurement based on stochastic but unitary evolution in projective state space. Random Hamiltonians drawn from the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble generate stochastic unitary dynamics of the quantum…
A distribution of electromagnetic fields presents a statistical assembly of a particular type, which is at scale h a quantum statistical assembly itself and has also been instrumental to concretisation of the basic probability assumption of…
We show that non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics can be faithfully represented in terms of a classical diffusion process endowed with a gauge symmetry of group Z_4. The representation is based on a quantization condition for the realized…
We introduce an operational and statistically meaningful measure, the quantum tomographic transfer function, that possesses important physical invariance properties for judging whether a given informationally complete quantum measurement…
Gauge transformation leaves the electric and the magnetic fields unchanged as long as the gauge function is treated classically. In this paper we consider the gauge transformation commonly used to obtain the electric dipole interaction…
We propose, as another pedagogical approach, a quantification of the e.m. field better adapted in isolated systems, a quantification of e.m. fields in finite-spacetime which does not rely explicitly on the notion of photon, nor on the…
We present a rough outline for an idea that characterises the observed, macroscopic realisation of the electromagnetic field in terms of a probability distribution on the underlying quantum electrodynamic state space.
Quantizing the electromagnetic field with a group formalism faces the difficulty of how to turn the traditional gauge transformation of the vector potential, $A_{\mu}(x)\rightarrow A_{\mu}(x)+\partial_{\mu}\varphi(x)$, into a group law. In…
In a previous study it was demonstrated that Dirac's relativistic quantum equation for free electrons (DRQM)can be obtained from Maxwell's classical electromagnetic field equations (MaxEq). This raises fundamental issues about the…