相关论文: A Note on Boltzmann Brains
All schoolchildren know how often they breathe, but even experts don't know exactly why. The aim of this publication is to develop a model of the resting spontaneous breathing rate using physiological, physical and mathematical methods with…
Boltzmann exploration is a classic strategy for sequential decision-making under uncertainty, and is one of the most standard tools in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Despite its widespread use, there is virtually no theoretical understanding…
We suggest that spontaneous eternal inflation can provide a natural explanation for the thermodynamic arrow of time, and discuss the underlying assumptions and consequences of this view. In the absence of inflation, we argue that systems…
For the spatially inhomogeneous, non-cutoff Boltzmann equation posed in the whole space $\mathbb R^3_x$, we establish pointwise lower bounds that appear instantaneously even if the initial data contains vacuum regions. Our lower bounds…
We propose a method of projecting the quantum states from a state space of a given geometry into another state space generated by a different geometry, taking care on the correct normalization which is crucial in interpreting the quantum…
In Brans-Dicke theory a non-linear self interaction of a scalar field allows a possibility of realizing the late-time cosmic acceleration, while recovering the General Relativistic behavior at early cosmological epochs. We extend this to…
The evolution of the wave function in quantum mechanics is deterministic like that of classical waves. Only when we bring in observers the fundamentally different quantum reality emerges. Similarly the introduction of observers changes the…
We suggest an alternative framework for interpreting the current state of the visible universe. Our approach is based on a dynamical ``Cosmological Constant'' and the starting point is that a decaying vacuum produces matter. As we point…
The universal phase $\rev{\ii}^{D+2}$ of the Euclidean de Sitter path integral obstructs a straightforward state-counting interpretation of the Gibbons--Hawking entropy. Building on Maldacena's proposal that specific black-hole observers…
A spatially flat Robertson-Walker spacetime driven by a cosmological constant is non-conformally coupled to a massless scalar field. The equations of semiclassical gravity are explicitly solved for this case, and a self-consistent de Sitter…
Boltzmann equation plays important roles in particle cosmology in studying the evolution of distribution functions (also called as occupation numbers) of various particles. For the case of the decay of a scalar condensation $\phi$ into a…
The complex time WKB (CWKB) approximation has been an effective technique to understand particle production in curved as well as in flat spacetime. Earlier we obtained the standard results on particle production in time dependent gauge in…
We study the decay of the false vacuum in the regime where the quantum field theory analysis is not valid, since gravitational effects become important. This happens when the height of the barrier separating the false and the true vacuum is…
In this brief note I argue that putting conscious observers at the center of the considerations clarifies and strengthens the many-worlds interpretation. The basic assumption, which seems extremely plausible based on our current…
This paper expands on existing learned models of human behavior via a measured step in structured irrationality. Specifically, by replacing the suboptimality constant $\beta$ in a Boltzmann rationality model with a function over states…
The holographic principle and the thermodynamics of de Sitter space suggest that the total number of fundamental degrees of freedom associated with any finite-volume region of space may be finite. The naive picture of a short distance…
A dynamical estimate is given for the Boltzmann entropy of the Universe, under the simplifying assumptions provided by Newtonian cosmology. We first model the cosmological fluid as the probability fluid of a quantum-mechanical system. Next,…
Quantum mechanics traditionally places the observer outside of the system being studied and employs the Born interpretation. In this and related papers the observer is placed inside the system. To accomplish this, special rules are required…
The quantum nature of the Big Bang is reexamined in the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology. The strict application of a regularization procedure to the Hamiltonian, originally developed for the Hamiltonian in loop quantum gravity, leads to…
As quotient spaces, Minkowski and de Sitter are fundamental spacetimes in the sense that they are known "a priori", independently of Einstein equation. They represent different non-gravitational backgrounds for the construction of physical…