相关论文: Physical Foundation for General Interior Tomograph…

The classic imaging geometry for computed tomography is for collection of un-truncated projections and reconstruction of a global image, with the Fourier transform as the theoretical foundation that is intrinsically non-local. Recently,…

This note focuses the problem of motivating the use of gauge symmetries (being the identity on the observables) from general principles, beyond their practical success, starting from global gauge symmetries and then by emphasizing the…

Differential phase contrast interior tomography allows for reconstruction of a refractive index distribution over a region of interest (ROI) for visualization and analysis of internal structures inside a large biological specimen. In this…

We consider perturbative quantum field theory in the causal framework. Gauge invariance is, in this framework, an identity involving chronological products of the interaction Lagrangian; it express the fact that the scattering matrix must…

The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by "deriving it without assuming it" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum…

Previous analyses on the gauge invariance of the action for a generally covariant system are generalized. It is shown that if the action principle is properly improved, there is as much gauge freedom at the endpoints for an arbitrary gauge…

The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…

Viewing gravitational energy momentum $p_G^\mu$ as equal by observation, but different in essence from inertial energy-momentum $p_I^\mu$ requires two different symmetries to account for their independent conservations - spacetime and inner…

Properties of pure gauge theories in thermal equilibrium as calculated via standard functional integral treatments are mathematically identical to ground state properties of a theory with spatially-periodic boundary conditions imposed on…

Gauge symmetries play a fundamental role in Physics, as they provide a mathematical justification for the fundamental forces. Usually, one starts from a non-interactive theory which governs `matter', and features a global symmetry. One then…

The objective of electrical impedance tomography is to reconstruct the internal conductivity of a physical body based on measurements of current and potential at a finite number of electrodes attached to its boundary. Although the…

The paper is devoted to a geometrical interpretation of gauge invariance in terms of the formalism of field theory in compact space-time dimensions [arXiv:0903.3680]. In this formalism, the kinematic information of an interacting elementary…

The gauge theoretical formulation of general relativity is presented. We are only concerned with local intrinsic geometry, i.e. our space-time is an open subset of a four-dimensional real vector space. Then the gauge group is the set of…

Interior tomography for the region-of-interest (ROI) imaging has advantages of using a small detector and reducing X-ray radiation dose. However, standard analytic reconstruction suffers from severe cupping artifacts due to existence of…

We give a simplified and more complete description of the loop variable approach for writing down gauge invariant equations of motion for the fields of the open string. A simple proof of gauge invariance to all orders is given. In terms of…

General Relativity (GR) is a phenomenologically successful theory that rests on firm foundations, but has not been tested on cosmological scales. The advent of dark energy (and possibly even the requirement of cold dark matter), has…

We show that a generalized version of the holographic principle can be derived from the Hamiltonian description of information flow within a quantum system that maintains a separable state. We then show that this generalized holographic…

Soon after the Yang-Mills work, the gauge invariance became one of the basic principles in the elementary particles theory. The gauge invariance idea is that Lagrangian has to be invariant not only with respect to the coordinates…

We study the gauge invariance of physical observables in holographic theories under the local diffeomorphism. We find that gauge invariance is intimately related to the holographic renormalisation: the local counter terms defined in the…

The construction of a gauge field theory for elementary particles usually starts by promoting global invariance of the matter action to a local one, this in turn implying the introduction of gauge fields. We present here a procedure that…