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The yield of physical qubits fabricated in the laboratory is much lower than that of classical transistors in production semiconductor fabrication. Actual implementations of quantum computers will be susceptible to loss in the form of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-01-24 Shota Nagayama , Austin G. Fowler , Dominic Horsman , Simon J. Devitt , Rodney Van Meter

The surface code is a prominent topological error-correcting code exhibiting high fault-tolerance accuracy thresholds. Conventional schemes for error correction with the surface code place qubits on a planar grid and assume native CNOT…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-10-28 Rui Chao , Michael E. Beverland , Nicolas Delfosse , Jeongwan Haah

Practical applications of quantum computing depend on fault-tolerant devices with error correction. Today, the most promising approach is a class of error-correcting codes called surface codes. We study the problem of compiling quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-29 Abtin Molavi , Amanda Xu , Swamit Tannu , Aws Albarghouthi

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

One of the main challenge for an efficient implementation of quantum information technologies is how to counteract quantum noise. Quantum error correcting codes are therefore of primary interest for the evolution towards quantum computing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-02-28 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Marco Chiani

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

We introduce a general framework for weak transversal gates -- probabilistic implementation of logical unitaries realized by local physical unitaries -- and propose a novel partially fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-10 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Alireza Seif , Andrew Cross , Ali Javadi-Abhari

Two primary challenges stand in the way of practical large-scale quantum computation, namely achieving sufficiently low error rate quantum gates and implementing interesting quantum algorithms with a physically reasonable number of qubits.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-04-10 Austin G. Fowler , Simon J. Devitt

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

We report a resource estimation pipeline that explicitly compiles quantum circuits expressed using the Clifford+T gate set into a surface code lattice surgery instruction set. The cadence of magic state requests from the compiled circuit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-28 Tyler LeBlond , Christopher Dean , George Watkins , Ryan S. Bennink

Quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry map the dynamics of electrons in a molecule to the dynamics of a coupled spin system. To reach chemical accuracy for interesting molecules, a large number of quantum gates must be applied which…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-02-02 Colin J. Trout , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Magic state distillation is a crucial yet resource-intensive process in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The protocol's overhead, defined as the number of input magic states required per output magic state with an error rate below…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-22 Adam Wills , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hayata Yamasaki

Qudits offer the potential for low-overhead magic state distillation, although previous results for asymptotically good codes have required qudit dimension $q\gg 100$ or code length $\mathcal{N}\gg 100$. These parameters far exceed…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-29 Michael J. Cervia , Henry Lamm , Diyi Liu , Edison M. Murairi , Shuchen Zhu

For universal quantum computation, a major challenge to overcome for practical implementation is the large amount of resources required for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. An important aspect is implementing arbitrary unitary…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-02-17 Gary J. Mooney , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Surface codes are the most promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Single qudit errors are typically modelled as Pauli operators, to which general errors are converted via randomizing methods. In this Letter, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-28 Yue Ma , Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

Magic state distillation, a process for preparing magic states needed to implement non-Clifford gates fault-tolerantly, plays a crucial role in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Historically, it has been a major bottleneck, leading to the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-04 Yutaka Hirano , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum technologies have the potential to solve certain computationally hard problems with polynomial or super-polynomial speedups when compared to classical methods. Unfortunately, the unstable nature of quantum information makes it prone…

Noisy hardware forms one of the main hurdles to the realization of a near-term quantum internet. Distillation protocols allows one to overcome this noise at the cost of an increased overhead. We consider here an experimentally relevant…

We propose two distinct methods of improving quantum computing protocols based on surface codes. First, we analyze the use of dislocations instead of holes to produce logical qubits, potentially reducing spacetime volume required.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-10-05 M. B. Hastings , A. Geller