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In leading fault-tolerant quantum computing schemes, accurate transformation are obtained by a two-stage process. In a first stage, a discrete, universal set of fault-tolerant operations is obtained by error-correcting noisy transformations…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-04-22 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , David Poulin

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Magic state distillation is a resource intensive subroutine that consumes noisy input states to produce high-fidelity resource states that are used to perform logical operations in practical quantum-computing architectures. The resource…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-17 Shraddha Singh , Andrew S. Darmawan , Benjamin J. Brown , Shruti Puri

We estimate the resource requirements for the quantum simulation of the ground state energy of the one dimensional quantum transverse Ising model (TIM), based on the surface code implementation of a fault tolerant quantum computer. The…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-04-02 Hao You , Michael R. Geller , P. C. Stancil

We provide a recursively defined sequence of flag circuits which will detect logical errors induced by non-fault-tolerant $R_{\overline{Z}}(\frac{\pi}{2^l})$ gates on CSS codes with a fault distance of two. As applications, we give a family…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-26 Shival Dasu , Ben Criger

While Clifford operations are relatively easy to implement in fault-tolerant quantum computers,continuous rotation gates remain a significant bottleneck in typical quantum algorithms. In this work, we ask the question: "What is the most…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-06 Zhu Sun , Balint Koczor

We propose a novel method to calculate logical error rates in surface codes, assuming independent and identically distributed physical errors. We show how to use our method to analyze hypothetical quantum computers with various…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-06 Shaked Regev , Daniel Dilley , Andrea Delgado , Ryan Bennink

Magic state distillation plays a crucial role in fault-tolerant quantum computation and represents a major bottleneck. In contrast to traditional logical-level distillation, physical-level distillation offers significant overhead reduction…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-29 Yutaka Hirano , Riki Toshio , Tomohiro Itogawa , Keisuke Fujii

The surface code is designed to suppress errors in quantum computing hardware and currently offers the most believable pathway to large-scale quantum computation. The surface code requires a 2-D array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-10-04 Austin G. Fowler

The surface code is a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation, achieving a high threshold error rate with nearest-neighbor gates in two spatial dimensions. Here, through a series of numerical simulations, we investigate…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-02-18 Ashley M. Stephens

Surface codes are versatile quantum error-correcting codes known for their planar geometry, making them ideal for practical implementations. While the original proposal used Pauli $X$ or Pauli $Z$ operators in a square structure, these…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-12-29 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-09-07 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

Surface codes are a popular error-correction route to fault-tolerant quantum computation. The so-called exponential backlog problem that can arise when one has to do logical $T$-gates within the surface code demands real-time decoding of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-21 Long D. H. My , Shao-Hen Chiew , Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

Resource consumption of the conventional surface code is expensive, in part due to the need to separate the defects that create the logical qubit far apart on the physical qubit lattice. We propose that instantiating the deformation-based…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-01-25 Shota Nagayama , Takahiko Satoh , Rodney Van Meter

The surface code is unarguably the leading quantum error correction code for 2-D nearest neighbor architectures, featuring a high threshold error rate of approximately 1%, low overhead implementations of the entire Clifford group, and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-05-03 Austin G. Fowler , Adam C. Whiteside , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

We develop an efficient local operation and classical communication (LOCC) scheme for the distillation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states from tripartite systems subjected to both coherent and incoherent errors. The proposed method…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-22 Áron Rozgonyi , Gábor Széchenyi , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

Quantum error correction is a critical technique for transitioning from noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices to fully fledged quantum computers. The surface code, which has a high threshold error rate, is the leading quantum…

Topological quantum error correction codes are extremely practical, typically requiring only a 2-D lattice of qubits with tunable nearest neighbor interactions yet tolerating high physical error rates p. It is computationally expensive to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-05-01 Austin G. Fowler

The performance of quantum error correction schemes depends sensitively on the physical realizations of the qubits and the implementations of various operations. For example, in quantum dot spin qubits, readout is typically much slower than…