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When validating formal models, sizable effort goes into ensuring two types of properties: safety properties (nothing bad happens) and liveness properties (something good occurs eventually. Event-B supports checking safety properties all…

Micro-services are a common architectural approach to software development today. An indispensable tool for evolving micro-service systems is A/B testing. In A/B testing, two variants, A and B, are applied in an experimental setting. By…

The demonstrated code-understanding capability of LLMs raises the question of whether they can be used for automated program verification, a task that demands high-level abstract reasoning about program properties that is challenging for…

Program analysis is on the brink of mainstream in embedded systems development. Formal verification of behavioural requirements, finding runtime errors and automated test case generation are some of the most common applications of automated…

The evolution of machine learning has increasingly prioritized the development of powerful models and more scalable supervision signals. However, the emergence of foundation models presents significant challenges in providing effective…

A program verifier produces reliable results only if both the logic used to justify the program's correctness is sound, and the implementation of the program verifier is itself correct. Whereas it is common to formally prove soundness of…

We introduce a model of probabilistic verification in mechanism design. The principal elicits a message from the agent and then selects a test to give the agent. The agent's true type determines the probability with which he can pass each…

Critical software systems face stringent requirements in safety, security, and reliability due to the circumstances surrounding their operation. Safety and security have progressively gained importance over the years due to the integration…

We present VERIFAI, a software toolkit for the formal design and analysis of systems that include artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) components. VERIFAI particularly seeks to address challenges with applying formal…

A recent case study from AWS by Chong et al. proposes an effective methodology for Bounded Model Checking in industry. In this paper, we report on a follow up case study that explores the methodology from the perspective of three research…

Certification helps to increase trust in formal verification of safety-critical systems which require assurance on their correctness. In hardware model checking, a widely used formal verification technique, phase abstraction is considered…

When software artifacts are generated by AI models ("vibe coding"), human engineers assume responsibility for validating them. Ideally, this validation would be done through the creation of a formal proof of correctness. However, this is…

Development of quality assured software-intensive systems, such as automotive embedded systems, is an increasing challenge as the complexity of these systems significantly increases. EAST-ADL is an architecture description language…

In deductive verification and software model checking, dealing with certain specification language constructs can be problematic when the back-end solver is not sufficiently powerful or lacks the required theories. One way to deal with this…

Interactive proofs are often considered as costs of formal modelling activity. In an incremental development environment such as the Rodin platform for Event-B, information from proof attempts is important input for adapting the model. This…

Teaching language models to use tools is an important milestone towards building general assistants, but remains an open problem. While there has been significant progress on learning to use specific tools via fine-tuning, language models…

Due to the limitations of SCADE models in expressing and verifying abstract specifications in safety-critical systems, this study proposes a formal verification framework based on the B-Method. By establishing a semantic equivalence…

Formal verification of complex algorithms is challenging. Verifying their implementations goes beyond the state of the art of current automatic verification tools and usually involves intricate mathematical theorems. Certifying algorithms…

We present the Crowbar tool, a deductive verification system for the ABS language. ABS models distributed systems with the Active Object concurrency model. Crowbar implements behavioral symbolic execution: each method is symbolically…

In recent years, program verifiers and interactive theorem provers have become more powerful and more suitable for verifying large programs or proofs. This has demonstrated the need for improving the user experience of these tools to…