相关论文: Diagnostics for Respondent-driven Sampling

The amount of large-scale real data around us increase in size very quickly and so does the necessity to reduce its size by obtaining a representative sample. Such sample allows us to use a great variety of analytical methods, whose direct…

Assessing whether a sample survey credibly represents the population is a critical question for ensuring the validity of downstream research. Generally, this problem reduces to estimating the distance between two high-dimensional…

We consider a data-driven robust hypothesis test where the optimal test will minimize the worst-case performance regarding distributions that are close to the empirical distributions with respect to the Wasserstein distance. This leads to a…

Digital control has become increasingly prevalent in modern systems, making continuous-time plants controlled by discrete-time (digital) controllers ubiquitous and crucial across industries, including aerospace, automotive, and…

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for assessing drug safety and efficacy. However, RCTs have some drawbacks which have led to the use of single-arm studies to make certain internal drug development and regulatory…

Incidence estimation of HIV infection can be performed using recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) results from a cross-sectional sample. This allows practitioners to understand population trends in the HIV epidemic without having to…

Detecting uncertainty in large language models (LLMs) is essential for building reliable systems, yet many existing approaches are overly complex and depend on brittle semantic clustering or access to model internals. We introduce Radial…

Electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly recognized as a cost-effective resource for patient recruitment in clinical research. However, how to optimally select a cohort from millions of individuals to answer a scientific question…

Ranked set sampling (RSS) is a stratified sampling method that improves efficiency over simple random sampling (SRS) by utilizing auxiliary information for ranking and stratification. While balanced RSS (BRSS) assumes equal allocation…

Effective mental health support is crucial for alleviating psychological distress. While large language model (LLM)-based assistants have shown promise in mental health interventions, existing research often defines "effective" support…

Access to combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) has improved greatly over recent years. At the end of 2011, more than eight million HIV infected people were receiving antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries.…

Assessment of circulating CD4 count change over time in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a central component of disease monitoring. The increasing number of HIV-infected subjects starting therapy and the limited…

A common problem in health research is that we have a large database with many variables measured on a large number of individuals. We are interested in measuring additional variables on a subsample; these measurements may be newly…

We present a practical guide for the analysis of regression discontinuity (RD) designs in biomedical contexts. We begin by introducing key concepts, assumptions, and estimands within both the continuity-based framework and the local…

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to the stability and reliability of online systems. Effective and early detection of such attacks is pivotal for safeguarding the integrity of networks. In this work, we…

We consider the problem of identifying promising subpopulations in terms of treatment effectiveness or treatment effect heterogeneity, from a Bayesian decision theoretic perspective. We first show that a straight-forward application of…

A growing body of literature attempts to learn about contagion using observational (i.e. non-experimental) data collected from a single social network. While the conclusions of these studies may be correct, the methods rely on assumptions…

Answer sentence selection (AS2) modeling requires annotated data, i.e., hand-labeled question-answer pairs. We present a strategy to collect weakly supervised answers for a question based on its reference to improve AS2 modeling.…

The direct sampling method proposed by Walker et al. (JCGS 2011) can generate draws from weighted distributions possibly having intractable normalizing constants. The method may be of interest as a useful tool in situations which require…

Consider a population of individuals and a network that encodes social connections among them. We are interested in making inference on finite population and super-population estimands that are a function of both individuals' responses and…