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The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth and one of the main external drivers of its climate. Solar irradiance -- the radiative power emitted by the Sun and received at 1-AU -- varies on all observable timescales. It is measured as…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-22 D. Temaj , N. A. Krivova , T. Chatzistergos , S. K. Solanki , B. Hofer

Solar irradiance variations across various timescales, from minutes to centuries, represents a potential natural driver of past regional and global climate cold phases. To accurately assess the Sun's effect on climate, particularly during…

The total solar irradiance (TSI) varies on timescales of minute to centuries. On short timescales it varies due to the superposition of intensity fluctuations produced by turbulent convection and acoustic oscillations. On longer scale…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-10-12 V. Penza , F. Berrilli , L. Bertello , M. Cantoresi , S. Criscuoli , P. Giobbi

Changes in solar irradiance and in its spectral distribution are among the main natural drivers of the climate on Earth. However, irradiance measurements are only available for less than four decades, while assessment of solar influence on…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-11-09 C. -J. Wu , N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki , I. G. Usoskin

We improve the description of the evolution of the Sun's open and total magnetic flux on time scales of years to millenia. In the model employed here the evolution of the solar total and open magnetic flux is computed from the flux emerging…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2009-11-24 L. E. A. Vieira , S. Solanki

Solar irradiance measurements are limited to the last few decades, requiring reconstructions to assess solar variability on longer timescales and its impact on Earth's climate. We present the first physics-based reconstruction of total…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-22 D. Temaj , N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki , I. G. Usoskin , T. Chatzistergos

The variable Sun is the most likely candidate for natural forcing of past climate change on time scales of 50 to 1000 years. Evidence for this understanding is that the terrestrial climate correlates positively with solar activity. During…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-27 A. I. Shapiro , W. Schmutz , E. Rozanov , M. Schoell , M. Haberreiter , A. V. Shapiro , S. Nyeki

Context: The study of variations in total solar irradiance (TSI) is important for understanding how the Sun affects the Earth's climate. Aims: Full-disk continuum images and magnetograms are now available for three full solar cycles. We…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 W. T. Ball , Y. C. Unruh , N. A. Krivova , S. Solanki , T. Wenzler , D. J. Mortlock , A. H. Jaffe

The variation of total solar irradiance (TSI) has been measured since 1978 and that of the spectral irradiance for an even shorter amount of time. Semi-empirical models are now available that reproduce over 80% of the measured irradiance…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-03-11 N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki , Y. C. Unruh

The Sun's net radiative output varies on timescales of minutes to gigayears. Direct measurements of the total solar irradiance (TSI) show changes in the spatially- and spectrally-integrated radiant energy on timescales as short as minutes…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-07-04 Greg Kopp

Knowledge of solar irradiance variability is critical to Earth's climate models and understanding the solar influence on Earth's climate. Direct solar irradiance measurements are only available since 1978. Reconstructions of past…

The Sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth. The small changes in total solar irradiance (TSI) can affect our climate in the longer timescale. In the evolutionary timescale, the TSI varies by a large amount and hence its influence…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-09-01 N. T. Shukure , S. B Tessema , N. Gopalswamy

Total and spectral solar irradiance are key parameters in the assessment of solar influence on changes in the Earth's climate. We present a reconstruction of daily solar irradiance obtained using the SATIRE-S model spanning 1974 to 2013…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-07-07 K. L. Yeo , N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki , K. H. Glassmeier

We present a new model of total solar irradiance (TSI) based on magnetograms simulated with a surface flux transport model (SFTM) and the SATIRE (Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions) model. Our model provides daily maps of the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-10-15 M. Dasi-Espuig , J. Jiang , N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki

The Earth's primary source of energy is the radiant energy generated by the Sun, which is referred to as solar irradiance, or total solar irradiance (TSI) when all of the radiation is measured. A minor change in the solar irradiance can…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-07-26 Yasser Abduallah , Jason T. L. Wang , Yucong Shen , Khalid A. Alobaid , Serena Criscuoli , Haimin Wang

We have analyzed the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the spectral solar irradiance as ultraviolet emission (UV) in the wavelength range 115-180 nm, observed with the instruments TIM and SOLSTICE within the framework of SORCE (The Solar…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-07-25 E. E. Benevolenskaya , I. G. Kostuchenko

The variation in the radiative output of the Sun, described in terms of solar irradiance, is important to climatology. A common assumption is that solar irradiance variability is driven by its surface magnetism. Verifying this assumption…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-09-05 K. L. Yeo , S. K. Solanki , C. M. Norris , B. Beeck , Y. C. Unruh , N. A. Krivova

The Sun is the main energy source to Earth, and understanding its variability is of direct relevance to climate studies. Measurements of total solar irradiance exist since 1978, but this is too short compared to climate-relevant time…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-10-17 Theodosios Chatzistergos , Natalie A. Krivova , Kok Leng Yeo

Accurate information on long-term variations in solar irradiance, important for understanding the solar influence on Earth's climate, cannot be derived from direct irradiance measurements due to the comparatively short lifetimes of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-23 Theodosios Chatzistergos , Natalie A. Krivova , Sami K. Solanki , Kok Leng Yeo

Cosmogenic isotopes provide the only quantitative proxy for analyzing the long-term solar variability over a centennial timescale. While essential progress has been achieved in both measurements and modeling of the cosmogenic proxy,…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-03-07 I. G. Usoskin , Y. Gallet , F. Lopes , G. A. Kovaltsov , G. Hulot
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