相关论文: Relativity and the lead-acid battery

The potential curve, dissociation energy, equilibrium internuclear distance, and spectroscopic constants for the ground state of the Ca2 molecule are calculated with the help of the generalized relativistic effective core potential method…

Oblique radiative corrections are calculated to the parameter $S$ in a version of the standard model where the Higgs doublet is replaced by a doublet of vector bosons and the gauge symmetry is broken dynamically. We show that to each…

Battery management is a critical component of ubiquitous battery-powered energy systems, in which battery state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimations are of crucial importance. Conventional SOC and SOH estimation methods,…

In this paper we study a system of partial differential equations which models lithium-ion batteries. The system describes the conservation of Lithium and conservation of charges in the solid and electrolyte phases, together with the…

The third and fourth cumulants of voltage in a current-biased diffusive metal contact of resistance $R$ are calculated for arbitrary temperatures and voltages using the semiclassical cascade approach. The third cumulant equals $e^2R^3I/3$…

In lithium ion batteries, Li+ intercalation and processes associated with passivation of electrodes are governed by applied voltages, which are in turn associated with free energy changes of Li+ transfer (Delta G_t) between the solid and…

The nonrelativistic ionization energy levels of a helium atom are calculated for $S$, $P$, $D$ and $F$ states. The calculations are based on the variational method of "exponential" expansion. The convergence of the calculated energy levels…

An unfactorized and relativistic framework for calculating A(e,e'p) observables at typical JLAB energies is presented. Results of (e,e'p) model calculations for the target nuclei ^{12}C and ^{16}O are presented and compared to data from…

Batteries are pivotal components in overcoming some of today's greatest technological challenges. Yet to date there is no self-consistent atomistic description of a complete battery. We take first steps toward modeling of a battery as a…

In this article, we present a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for measuring the capacitor charge and discharge processes using a light-emitting diode (LED) and the light meter of a smartphone. We propose a simple circuit in which…

The self-organized electric cell voltage of the physical circuit is calculated at etching and deposition of metals at the surface of a magnetized ferromagnetic electrode in an electrolyte without passing an external electrical current. This…

Large-scale relativistic configuration-interaction calculation of energy levels of core-excited states of lithium-like ions is presented. Quantum electrodynamic, nuclear recoil, and frequency-dependent Breit corrections are included in the…

Solar home systems (SHS) provide low-cost electricity access for rural off-grid communities. Batteries are a crucial part of the system, however they are often the first point of failure due to shorter lifetimes. Using field data, this work…

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries needs to be accurately estimated for safety and reliability purposes. For battery packs made of a large number of cells, it is not always feasible to design one SOC estimator per cell due…

We investigate a solid-state, reversible, alkali-ion battery (AIB) capable of regulating the density of alkali atoms in a vacuum system used for the production of laser-cooled atoms. The cold-atom sample can be used with in-vacuum…

Vanadium oxides are among the most promising materials that can be used as electrodes in rechargeable metal-ion batteries. In this work, we systematically investigate thermodynamic, electronic and kinetic properties associated with the…

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are ubiquitous in electric vehicles (EVs) as efficient energy storage devices. The reliable operation of Li-ion batteries depends critically on the accurate estimation of battery capacity. However,…

Lithium titanium oxide Li$_4$Ti$_5$O$_{12}$ (LTO) is an intriguing anode material promising particularly long lived batteries, due to its remarkable phase stability during (dis)charging of the cell. However, its usage is limited by its low…

Metals, such as tin, antimony, and lead (Pb) have garnered renewed attention for their potential use as alloyant-negative electrode materials in sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIBs). Despite Pb's toxicity and its high molecular weight, lead is…

It is proven that the relativistic charged ball with its charge less than its mass (in natural units) cannot have a non-singular static configuration while its radius approaches its external horizon size. This conclusion does not depend on…