相关论文: The virial theorem and planetary atmospheres

We explore thermodynamics of the apparent horizon in $f(T)$ gravity with both equilibrium and non-equilibrium descriptions. We find the same dual equilibrium/non-equilibrium formulation for $f(T)$ as for $f(R)$ gravity. In particular, we…

We follow a low-energy effective theory approach to identify the general class of theories that describes a vector field (of unconstrained norm) coupled to gravity. The resulting set may be regarded as a generalization of the conventional…

The gravitational aether theory is a modification of general relativity that decouples vacuum energy from gravity, and thus can potentially address the cosmological constant problem. The classical theory is distinguishable from general…

Confinement of atoms inside impenetrable (hard) and penetrable (soft) cavities has been studied for nearly eight decades. However, a unified virial theorem for such systems has not yet been found. Here we provide a general virial-like…

The physical principles governing the planetary atmospheres are briefly introduced in the first part of this chapter, moving from the examples of Solar System bodies. Namely, the concepts of collisional regime, balance equations,…

The competition between the torques induced by solid and thermal tides drives the rotational dynamics of Venus-like planets and super-Earths orbiting in the habitable zone of low-mass stars. The tidal responses of the atmosphere and…

Meteorological data have been used to calculate refractive index fluctuations - the indicator of optical instability of the Earth's atmosphere. The calculations were made for standard pressure levels of the atmosphere in winter and summer.…

In numerically simulated vibrated beds of powder, we measure temperature under convection by the generalized Einstein's relation. The spatial temperature distribution turns out to be quite uniform except for the boundary layers. In addition…

In the semi-classical limit, the quantum mechanics of a stationary beam of counter-streaming relativistic electrons and ions is described by a nonlinear system of finite-temperature Thomas-Fermi equations. In the high temperature / low…

It was thought that the van der Waals force and gravitational force were distinct. Now a model is used to describe the attraction between macroscopic objects according to van der Waals interaction. The force between two objects with thermal…

A modified quantum kinetic equation which takes account of the noninertial features of rotating frame is proposed. The vector and axial-vector field components of the Wigner function for chiral fluids are worked out in a semiclassical…

With the ongoing characterisation of the atmospheres of exoplanets by the JWST, we are unveiling a large diversity of planetary atmospheres, both in terms of composition and dynamics. As such, it is necessary to build coherent atmospheric…

The nonsymmetric gravitational theory predicts an acceleration law that modifies the Newtonian law of attraction between particles. For weak fields a fit to the flat rotation curves of galaxies is obtained in terms of the mass…

Spacetimes with horizons show a resemblance to thermodynamic systems and it is possible to associate the notions of temperature and entropy with them. Several aspects of this connection are reviewed in a manner appropriate for broad…

The steady state of a vibrated granular gas confined by a movable piston on the top is discussed. Particular attention is given to the hydrodynamic boundary conditions to be used when solving the inelastic Navier-Stokes equations. The…

A model for terrestrial planets, inclusive of viscous fluid behavior and featuring finite normal stress differences, is developed. This work offers new insights for the interpretation of planetary survey data. Evolution equations for…

The use of the tensor virial theorem (TVT) as a diagnostic of anisotropic velocity distributions in galaxies is revisited. The TVT provides a rigorous global link between velocity anisotropy, rotation and shape, but the quantities appearing…

We show that a slowly varying Newton's constant, consistent with existing bounds, can potentially explain a host of observations pertaining to gravitational effects or phenomena across distances spanning from planetary to the cosmological,…

The climate system is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex and heterogeneous system that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of motion, in time as well as space, and it is subject…

Generalized virial theorem for quantum mechanical nonrelativistic and relativistic systems with translational and rotational symmetry is derived in the form of the commutator between the generator of dilations G and the Hamiltonian H. If…