相关论文: Symmetry Breaking Using Value Precedence

Selection rules are often considered a hallmark of symmetry. When a symmetry is broken, e.g., by an external perturbation, the system exhibits selection rule deviations which are often analyzed by perturbation theory. Here, we employ…

A boundary value problem is commonly associated with constraints imposed on a system at its boundary. We advance here an alternative point of view treating the system as interacting "boundary" and "interior" subsystems. This view is…

Some formal aspects of supersymmetry breaking are reviewed. The classic "requirements" for supersymmetry breaking include chiral matter, a dynamical superpotential, and a classical superpotential which completely lifts the moduli space.…

We argue that parameterized complexity is a useful tool with which to study global constraints. In particular, we show that many global constraints which are intractable to propagate completely have natural parameters which make them…

The initial value problem is introduced after a thorough review of the essential geometry. The initial value equations are put into elliptic form using both conformal transformations and a treatment of the extrinsic curvature introduced…

Perhaps the most important aspect of symmetry in physics is the idea that a state does not need to have the same symmetries as the theory that describes it. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking. In these lecture notes,…

This preprint deals with the symmetry of parametrized families of systems and the changes therein as the parameter changes. There are (at least ?) two kinds of symmetry: generic and specific which behave in almost totally opposite ways as…

Starting from a chiral invariant and quark line rule conserving Lagrangian of pseudoscalar and vector nonets we introduce first and second order symmetry breaking as well as quark line rule violating terms and fit the parameters, at tree…

In this paper we discuss symmetry breaking in string theory. Spacetime symmetries are implemented as inner automorphisms of the underlying superconformal algebra. Conserved currents generate unbroken spacetime symmetries. As we deform the…

Nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs) by means of the classical Lie symmetry method are studied. A new definition of Lie invariance for BVPs is proposed by the generalization of existing those on much wider class of BVPs. A class of…

This work considers a number of optimization problems and reductive relations between them. The two main problems we are interested in are the \emph{Optimal Decision Tree} and \emph{Set Cover}. We study these two fundamental tasks under…

We investigate a class of models described by two real scalar fields in two-dimensional spacetime. The study focuses mainly on the presence of exact static solutions which satisfy the first-order formalism, in models constructed to engender…

Symmetry breaking is a widely popular approach to enhance solvers in constraint programming, such as those for SAT or MIP. Symmetry breaking predicates (SBPs) typically impose an order on variables and single out the lexicographic leader…

We present a new way to break parity symmetry in left-right symmetric models using boundary conditions on the fields residing in the fifth dimension. We also discuss the connection between the limits on the size of extra dimensions and the…

In this work the spontaneous symmetry breaking in certain nonlinear theories with second-class constraints is explored. Using the Dirac's method we perform an analysis of the constraints and the counting of the degrees of freedom. The…

Symmetry and dominance breaking can be crucial for solving hard combinatorial search and optimisation problems, but the correctness of these techniques sometimes relies on subtle arguments. For this reason, it is desirable to produce…

Symmetry breaking in two-dimensional layered materials plays a significant role in their macroscopic electrical, optical, magnetic and topological properties, including but not limited to spin-polarization effects, valley-contrasting…

Spacetime and internal symmetries can be used to severely restrict the form of the equations for the fundamental laws of physics. The success of this approach in the context of general relativity and particle physics motivates the…

The general concept of symmetry is realized in manifold ways in different realms of reality, such as plants, animals, minerals, mathematical objects or human artefacts in literature, fine arts and society. In order to arrive at a common…

Symmetry-breaking phase transitions are ubiquitous in condensed matter systems and in quantum field theories. There is also good reason to believe that they feature in the very early history of the Universe. At many such transitions…