相关论文: Notes on the UK Non-Native Organism Risk Assessmen…

Some problems with the mathematical analysis on which the UK Non-Native Organism Risk Assessment Scheme is based are outlined.

This paper discusses the risks and potential impacts of spreadsheet errors in scientific research data in a Neuroscience research centre in the UK. Spreadsheets usage in neuroscience, or indeed any medical discipline, is a largely…

An overview of the process to develop a safety case for an autonomous robot deployment on a nuclear site in the UK is described and a safety case for a hypothetical robot incorporating AI is presented. This forms a first step towards a…

The evaluation of the quality of research at a national level has become increasingly common. The UK has been at the forefront of this trend having undertaken many assessments since 1986, the latest being the Research Excellence Framework…

Product risk assessment is the overall process of determining whether a product, which could be anything from a type of washing machine to a type of teddy bear, is judged safe for consumers to use. There are several methods used for product…

The perception that the convergence of biological engineering and artificial intelligence (AI) could enable increased biorisk has recently drawn attention to the governance of biotechnology and artificial intelligence. The 2023 Executive…

The health effects of environmental exposures have been studied for decades, typically using standard regression models to assess exposure-outcome associations found in observational non-experimental data. We propose and illustrate a…

Although AI systems are increasingly being leveraged to provide value to organizations, individuals, and society, significant attendant risks have been identified and have manifested. These risks have led to proposed regulations,…

Mounting evidence indicates that our planet might experience runaway effects associated to rising temperatures and ecosystem overexploitation, leading to catastrophic shifts on short time scales. Remediation scenarios capable of…

This paper presents an integrating decision support system to model food security in the UK. In ever-larger dynamic systems, such as the food system, it is increasingly difficult for decision-makers to effectively account for all the…

Cybersecurity threat and risk analysis (RA) approaches are used to identify and mitigate security risks early-on in the software development life-cycle. Existing approaches automate only parts of the analysis procedure, leaving key…

Ecological risk assessment requires large amounts of chemical effect data from laboratory experiments. Due to experimental effort and animal welfare concerns it is desired to extrapolate data from existing sources. To cover the required…

Small area ecological studies are commonly used in epidemiology to assess the impact of area level risk factors on health outcomes when data are only available in an aggregated form. However the resulting estimates are often biased due to…

This paper describes a normative system design that incorporates diagnosis, dynamic evolution, decision making, and information gathering. A single influence diagram demonstrates the design's coherence, yet each activity is more effectively…

Examinations of any experiment involving living organisms require justifications of the need and moral defensibleness of the study. Statistical planning, design and sample size calculation of the experiment are no less important review…

In order to optimize the usage of testing efforts and to assess risks of software-based systems, risk-based testing uses risk (re-)assessments to steer all phases in a test process. Several risk-based testing approaches have been proposed…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is often presented as a key tool for addressing societal challenges, such as climate change. At the same time, AI's environmental footprint is expanding increasingly. This report describes the systemic…

Risk assessment algorithms are being adopted by public sector agencies to make high-stakes decisions about human lives. Algorithms model "risk" based on individual client characteristics to identify clients most in need. However, this…

We applied machine learning methods to predict chemical hazards focusing on fish acute toxicity across taxa. We analyzed the relevance of taxonomy and experimental setup, showing that taking them into account can lead to considerable…

The analysis of environmental mixtures is of growing importance in environmental epidemiology, and one of the key goals in such analyses is to identify exposures and their interactions that are associated with adverse health outcomes.…