相关论文: The degeneracy of the genetic code and Hadamard ma…
The article is devoted to phenomena of symmetries and algebras in matrix presentations of the genetic code. The Kronecker family of the genetic matrices is investigated, which is based on the alphabetical matrix [C A; U G], where C, A, U, G…
The Kronecker family of the genetic matrices is investigated, which is based on the genetic matrix [C T; A G], where C, T, A, G are the letters of the genetic alphabet. The matrix [C T; A G] in the second Kronecker power is the (4*4)-matrix…
Matrix forms of the representation of the multi-level system of molecular-genetic alphabets have revealed algebraic properties of this system. Families of genetic (4*4)- and (8*8)-matrices show unexpected connections of the genetic system…
Algebraic properties of the genetic code are analyzed. The investigations of the genetic code on the basis of matrix approaches ("matrix genetics") are described. The degeneracy of the vertebrate mitochondria genetic code is reflected in…
The article is devoted to a matrix method of comparative analysis of long nucleotide sequences by means of a presentation of each sequence in a form of three digital binary sequences. This method uses biochemical attributes of nucleotides…
The genetic code structure into distinct multiplet-classes as well as the numeric degeneracies of the latter are revealed by a two-step process. First, an empirical inventory of the degeneracies (of the shuffled multiplets) in two specific…
The article continues an analysis of the genetic 8-dimensional Yin-Yang-algebra. This algebra was revealed in a course of matrix researches of structures of the genetic code and it was described in the author's articles arXiv:0803.3330 and…
We show that our recently published Arithmetic Model of the genetic code based on Godel Encoding is robust against symmetry transformations, specially Rumer s one U > G, A > C, and constitutes a link between the degeneracy structure and the…
It has been proposed that the degeneracy of the genetic code,i.e., the phenomenon that different codons (base triplets) of DNA are transcribed into the same amino acid, may be interpreted as the result of a symmetry breaking process. In the…
The set of known dialects of the genetic code (GC) is analyzed from the viewpoint of the genetic octave Yin-Yang-algebra. This algebra was described in the previous author's publications. The algebra was discovered on the basis of…
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. The code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences,…
The conception of multi-alphabetical genetics is represented. Matrix forms of the representation of the multi-level system of molecular-genetic alphabets have revealed algebraic properties of this system. These properties are connected with…
The structure of the genetic code is discussed in formal terms. A rectangular table of the code ("the code matrix"), whose properties reveal its arithmetical content tagged with the information symbols in several notations. New parameters…
Why is the genetic code the way it is? The most successful theory states that the codon assignments minimise the effects of errors arising in primordial living systems. Here a transversion is reported that leaves invariant degeneracy in the…
Degeneracy is a salient feature of genetic codes, because there are more codons than amino acids. The conventional table for genetic codes suffers from an inability of illustrating a symmetrical nature among genetic base codes. In fact,…
We introduce the simple parametrization for the space of codons (triples of nucleotides) by 8\times 8 table. This table (which we call the dyadic plane) possesses the natural 2-adic ultrametric. We show that after this parametrization the…
How to represent the genetic code? Despite the fact that it is extensively known, the DNA mapping into proteins remains as one of the relevant discoveries of genetics. However, modern genomic signal processing usually requires converting…
This article is devoted to applications of projection operators to simulate phenomenological properties of the molecular-genetic code system. Oblique projection operators are under consideration, which are connected with matrix…
In this paper we construct a new, previously unknown four-parameter family of complex Hadamard matrices of order 6, the entries of which are described by algebraic functions of roots of various sextic polynomials. We conjecture that the…
We discuss the similarity of the degeneration structure of the genetic code with a pure number theoretic -- ``divisors code.'' The most interesting thing about our observation is not that there is a connection between number theory and the…