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Earth observation (EO) satellite missions have been providing detailed images about the state of the Earth and its land cover for over 50 years. Long term missions, such as NASA's Landsat, Terra, and Aqua satellites, and more recently, the…
Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are increasingly proposed for communication and in-orbit computing, achieving low-latency global services. However, their sustainability remains largely unexamined. This paper investigates the carbon…
The goal of this paper is to advance mathematical and computational methodology for orbiter-to-orbiter radio tomography of small planetary objects. In this study, an advanced full waveform forward model is coupled with a total variation…
The atmospheres and surfaces of planets show tremendous amount of spatial variation, which has a direct effect on the spectrum of the object, even if this may not be spatially resolved. Here, we apply hyper realistic radiative simulations…
An approach to land surface temperature (LST) estimation that relies upon Bayesian inference has been tested against multiband infrared radiometric imagery from the Terra MODIS instrument. Bayesian LST estimators are shown to reproduce…
The High Inclination Solar Mission (HISM) is a concept for an out-of-the-ecliptic mission for observing the Sun and the heliosphere. The mission profile is largely based on the Solar Polar Imager concept: initially spiraling in to a 0.48 AU…
Landsat-8 (NASA) and Sentinel-2 (ESA) are two prominent multi-spectral imaging satellite projects that provide publicly available data. The multi-spectral imaging sensors of the satellites capture images of the earth's surface in the…
Long-term trends in the solar spectral irradiance are important to determine the impact on Earth's climate. These long-term changes are thought to be caused mainly by changes in the surface area covered by small-scale magnetic elements. The…
Electromagnetic induction surveys are among the most popular techniques for non-destructive investigation of soil properties in order to detect the presence of either ground inhomogeneities or of particular substances. This work introduces…
The upper atmosphere at the altitude of 60-110 km, the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), has the least observational data of all atmospheres due to the difficulties of in-situ observations. Previous studies demonstrated that…
Satellite foundation models produce dense embeddings whose physical interpretability remains poorly understood, limiting their integration into environmental decision systems. Using 12.1 million samples across the Continental United States…
In recent years, the drive of the Industry 4.0 initiative has enriched industrial and scientific approaches to build self-driving cars or smart factories. Agricultural applications benefit from both advances, as they are in reality mobile…
Traditional soil sampling and analysis methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and limited in spatial resolution, making them unsuitable for large-scale precision agriculture. To address these limitations, we present a robotic solution…
Surface albedo is an important parameter in radiative-transfer simulations of the Earth's system as it is fundamental for correctly calculating the energy budget of the planet. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)…
In this paper, we investigate the potential of estimating the soil-moisture content based on VNIR hyperspectral data combined with LWIR data. Measurements from a multi-sensor field campaign represent the benchmark dataset which contains…
The characterization of nearby rocky exoplanets will become feasible with the next generation of telescopes, such as the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the mission concept Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Using an improved model…
This paper presents a Time-Domain Transmissometry Soil Moisture Sensor (TDT-SMS) using a Dispersive Phase Shifter (DPS), consisting of an interdigital capacitor that is loaded with a stacked 4-turn Complementary Spiral Resonator (S4-CSR).…
The microwave imaging system(MIS) stands out among prominent imaging tools for capturing images of concealed obstacles. Leveraging its capability to penetrate through heterogeneous environments MIS has been widely used for subsurface…
In this work, we study the accuracy that can be achieved when inferring the atmospheric information from realistic numerical magneto-hydrodynamic simulations that reproduce the spatial resolution we will obtain with future observations made…
The HI 21cm global signal from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) offers critical insights into the evolution of our Universe. Yet, its detection presents significant challenges due to its extremely low…