物理与社会
The escalating cost, extended timelines, and low success rates in pharmaceutical research demand a fundamental rethinking of biotechnology R&D infrastructure. This chapter introduces the concept of the AI-Integrated Biotechnology Hub, a…
Assessing provincial carbon budgets for residential building operations is a crucial strategy for advancing China's net-zero ambitions. This study develops an advanced assessment framework that integrates static and dynamic modeling to…
Heider's balance theory emphasizes cognitive consistency in assessing others, as is expressed by ``The enemy of my enemy is my friend.'' At the same time, the theory of indirect reciprocity provides us with a dynamical framework to study…
The evolution of urban landscapes is rapidly altering the surface of our planet. Yet, our understanding of the urbanisation phenomenon remains far from complete. A fundamental challenge is to describe spatiotemporal changes in the built…
This study examines how interactions among artificially intelligent (AI) agents, guided by large language models (LLMs), drive the evolution of collective network structures. We ask LLM-driven agents to grow a network by informing them…
The structure of road networks impacts various urban dynamics, from traffic congestion to environmental sustainability and access to essential services. Recent studies reveal that most roads are underutilized, faster alternative routes are…
This article presents a mathematical model for identifying the safest travel routes during a pandemic by minimizing disease contraction risks, such as COVID-19. We formulate this as the LEAST INFECTION PROBABILITY PATH (LIPP) problem, which…
Inspired by the Turing test, we present a novel methodological framework to assess the extent to which a population of machines mirrors the philosophical views of a population of humans. The framework consists of three steps: (i)…
This study investigates the economic impact of Metro C, a major expansion of Rome's metro system. Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach within a multiplicative framework, the research quantifies the impact of increased…
This article proposes a synthetic theory of socio-epistemic structuration to understand the reproduction of inequality in contemporary societies. I argue that social reality is not only determined by material structures and social networks…
Lying at the interface between Network Science and Machine Learning, node embedding algorithms take a graph as input and encode its structure onto output vectors that represent nodes in an abstract geometric space, enabling various…
Greenhouse gas emissions from the steel, fertiliser and plastic industries can be mitigated by producing their precursors with green hydrogen. In Germany, green production may be economically unviable due to high energy costs. This study…
Collective decision-making is a widespread phenomenon in both biological and artificial systems, where individuals reach a consensus through social interactions. While traditional models of opinion dynamics and contagion focus on pairwise…
We study the efficacy of strategies aimed at controlling the spread of deception-based cyber-threats unfolding on online social networks. We model directed and temporal interactions between users using a family of activity-driven networks…
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models are increasingly used for scientific data generation, yet their alignment with empirical knowledge in urban science remains unclear. Here, we introduce AI4US (Artificial Intelligence for…
We propose an evolutionary model to study the transition toward green technology under the influence of innovation. Clean and dirty technologies are selected according to their profitability under an environmental tax, which depends on the…
A smart city is a framework that uses information and communication technologies to improve public safety, quality of life, transportation and energy efficiency. A big share of these technologies has intelligent networks consisting of…
Generally, networks are classified into two sides of inequality and equality with respect to the number of links at nodes by the types of degree distributions. One side includes many social, technological, and biological networks which…
Polarization, defined as the emergence of sharply divided groups with opposing and often extreme views, is an increasingly prominent feature of modern societies. While many studies analyze this phenomenon in the context of single issues,…
Models of coupled human-environment systems often face a tradeoff between realism and tractability. Spectrum opinion models, where social preferences vary continuously, offer descriptive richness but are computationally demanding and…