物理与社会
The introduction of more renewable energy sources into the energy system increases the variability and weather dependence of electricity generation. Power system simulations are used to assess the adequacy and reliability of the electricity…
We study the validity of the dissipative Aw-Rascle system as a macroscopic model for pedestrian dynamics. The model uses a congestion term (a singular diffusion term) to enforce capacity constraints in the crowd density while inducing a…
The critical mass effect is a prevailing topic in the study of complex systems. Recent research has shown that a minority of zealots can effectively drive widespread cooperation in social dilemma games. However, achieving a critical mass of…
Cooperation plays a crucial role in both nature and human society, and the conundrum of cooperation attracts the attention from interdisciplinary research. In this study, we investigated the evolution of cooperation in optional prisoner's…
We have carried out a partial survey on the female participation in events organized by the Brazilian Physical Society (SBF, in Portuguese) from 2005 to 2021. Our analysis shows that the participation of women has increased over the years,…
Hyperbolic network models, centered around the idea of placing nodes at random in a hyperbolic space and drawing links according to a probability that decreases as a function of the distance, provide a simple, yet also very capable…
When auditing a redistricting plan, a persuasive method is to compare the plan with an ensemble of neutrally drawn redistricting plans. Ensembles are generated via algorithms that sample distributions on balanced graph partitions. To audit…
We describe the population-based SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infected, removed) model developed by the Irish Epidemiological Modelling Advisory Group (IEMAG), which advises the Irish government on COVID-19 responses. The model assumes a…
A detailed analysis of Twitter-based information cascades is performed, and it is demonstrated that branching process hypotheses are approximately satisfied. Using a branching process framework, models of agent-to-agent transmission are…
Message-passing methods provide a powerful approach for calculating the expected size of cascades either on random networks (e.g., drawn from a configuration-model ensemble or its generalizations) asymptotically as the number $N$ of nodes…
An avalanche or cascade occurs when one event causes one or more subsequent events, which in turn may cause further events in a chain reaction. Avalanching dynamics are studied in many disciplines, with a recent focus on average avalanche…
Participants in socio-economic systems are often ranked based on their performance. Rankings conveniently reduce the complexity of such systems to ordered lists. Yet, it has been shown in many contexts that those who reach the top are not…
We analyze the patterns of traffic jams in urban networks of five large cities and an urban agglomeration region in China using real data based on a recently developed jam tree model. This model focuses on the way traffic jams spread…
Quantum-mechanical models of human cognition, opinion formation and decision-making have changed the way we understand and predict human behaviour in many practical situations, including political elections, financial decisions and…
The recent growth of the space sector, spurred by a surge in private actors, has led to a sharp increase in our ability to address societal challenges through space data. However, this has exacerbated an already critical situation in space:…
Polarization, understood as a division into mutually hostile groups, is a common feature of social systems. It is studied in Structural Balance Theory (SBT) in terms of semicycles in signed networks. However, enumerating semicycles is…
In this paper, we consider a discrete-time stochastic SIR model, where the transmission rate and the true number of infectious individuals are random and unobservable. An advantage of this model is that it permits us to account for random…
Inequality measures are quantitative measures that take values in the unit interval, with a zero value characterizing perfect equality. Although originally proposed to measure economic inequalities, they can be applied to several other…
Core-periphery is a key feature of large-scale networks underlying a wide range of social, biological, and transportation phenomena. Despite its prevalence in empirical data, it is unclear whether this property is a consequence of more…
Tie strengths in social networks are heterogeneous, with strong and weak ties playing different roles at both the network and the individual level. Egocentric networks, networks of relationships around a focal individual, exhibit a small…