数据分析、统计与概率
Jets clustered from heavy ion collision measurements combine a dense background of particles with those actually resulting from a hard partonic scattering. The background contribution to jet transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) may be corrected by…
Markov state models (MSMs) are widely employed to analyze the kinetics of complex systems. But despite their effectiveness in many applications, MSMs are prone to systematic or statistical errors, often exacerbated by suboptimal…
The use of machine learning approaches continues to have many benefits in experimental nuclear and particle physics. One common issue is generating training data which is sufficiently realistic to give reliable results. Here we advocate…
Causality plays a central role in understanding interactions between variables in complex systems. These systems often exhibit state-dependent causal relationships, where both the strength and direction of causality vary with the value of…
Precise modeling of detector energy response is crucial for next-generation neutrino experiments which present computational challenges due to lack of analytical likelihoods. We propose a solution using neural likelihood estimation within…
We introduce a benchmark framework developed by and for the scientific community to evaluate, monitor and steer large language model development in fundamental physics. Building on philosophical concepts of scientific understanding and…
Within the continuous endeavour of improving the efficiency and resilience of air transport, the trend of using concepts and metrics from statistical physics has recently gained momentum. This scientific discipline, which integrates…
In this work, we attempt to refine the classic asymptotic formulae to describe the probability distribution of likelihood-ratio statistical tests. The idea is to split the probability distribution function into two parts. One part is…
Higher-order spectra (Brillinger's polyspectra) offer powerful methods for solving critical problems in signal processing and data analysis. Despite their significant potential, their practical use has remained limited due to unresolved…
Angular streaking experiments enable for experimentation in the attosecond regions. However, the deployed Time-of-flight detectors are susceptible to noise and failure. These shortcomings make the outputs of the Time-of-flight detectors…
In this article, we present the High-Performance Output (HiPO) data format developed at Jefferson Laboratory for storing and analyzing data from Nuclear Physics experiments. The format was designed to efficiently store large amounts of…
Understanding and predicting the activity of oxide perovskite catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) requires descriptors that are both accurate and physically interpretable. While symbolic regression (SR) offers a path to…
The choice of unfolding method for a cross-section measurement is tightly coupled to the model dependence of the efficiency correction and the overall impact of cross-section modeling uncertainties in the analysis. A key issue is the…
Permutation time irreversibility is an important method to quantify nonequilibrium characteristics of complex systems; however, ordinal pattern is a coarse-graining alternative of temporal structure and cannot accurately represent detailed…
The gravity model, inspired by Newton's law of universal gravitation, has long served as a primary tool for interpreting trade flows between countries, using a country's economic `mass' as a key determinant. Despite its wide application,…
We investigate the dependence of the score on noise in the data, and on the network size. As a result, we obtain the so-called "cognition transition" from good performance to zero with increasing noise. The understanding of this transition…
Intermittency analysis of factorial moments is a promising method used for the detection of power-law scaling in high-energy collision data. In particular, it has been employed in the search of fluctuations characteristic of the critical…
The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, was a segmented antineutrino detector that successfully operated at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge, TN, during its 2018 run. Despite challenges with…
Beauty-tagged jets (b-jets)-collimated sprays of particles originating from the fragmentation of beauty quarks produced in the initial hard scatterings-provide a unique probe of parton dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in…
Various macroscopic oscillations, such as the heartbeat and the flashing of fireflies, are created by synchronizing oscillatory units (oscillators). To elucidate the mechanism of synchronization, several coupled oscillator models have been…