大气与海洋物理
Summer monsoon rainfall over India depends on synoptic-scale phenomena like lows and depressions. India's summer monsoon season 2020 saw above-average rainfall. North Indian Ocean had 12 LPAs in summer 2020 in JJAS season. This monsoon…
We performed a number of statistical analysis methods on the historical data for the air temperature at 2 m above the ground and its range, as reported by the database of NASA known as POWER, which stands for Prediction Of Worldwide Energy…
The effect of aerosol emissions on the properties and distribution of clouds is a large source of uncertainty in predictions of weather and climate. These aerosol-cloud interactions depend critically on the ability of aerosol particles to…
Fine et al. (2016, hereafter F16) investigated the potential role of Sumatra Island, as well as the Malay Peninsula and Java, in creating terrain-induced circulations over the Indian Ocean (IO) that subsequently develop into tropical…
Since intermittent and highly variable power supply is undesirable, quantifying power yield fluctuations of wave energy converters (WECs) aids with assessment of potential deployment sites. This paper presents analysis of 3-hourly, monthly,…
Recently, many deep-learning techniques have been applied to various weather-related prediction tasks, including precipitation nowcasting (i.e., predicting precipitation levels and locations in the near future). Most existing…
Data-driven models, such as FourCastNet (FCN), have shown exemplary performance in high-resolution global weather forecasting. This performance, however, is based on supervision on mesh-gridded weather data without the utilization of raw…
When evaluating the effect of CO2 changes on the earth's climate, it is widely assumed that instantaneous radiative forcing from a doubling of a given CO2 concentration (IRF2xCO2) is constant and that variances in climate sensitivity arise…
To limit global warming to pre-industrial levels, global governments, industry and academia are taking aggressive efforts to reduce carbon emissions. The evaluation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) emissions, however, depends on the…
Destabilization of the water cycle threatens human lives and livelihoods. Meanwhile our understanding of whether and how changes in vegetation cover could trigger abrupt transitions in moisture regimes remains incomplete. This challenge…
To predict pollutant concentration in urban areas, it is crucial to take into account the chemical transformations of reactive pollutants in operational dispersion models. In this work, we derive and discuss different NO-NO2-O3 chemical…
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (phase 6) (CMIP6) global circulation models (GCMs) predict equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) values ranging between 1.8 and 5.7 $^\circ$C. To narrow this range, we group 38 GCMs into low, medium…
Several different factors influence the seasonal cycle of a planet. This study uses a general circulation model and an energy balance model (EBM) to assess the parameters that govern the seasonal cycle. We define two metrics to describe the…
Massive river interlinking projects are proposed to offset observed increasing trends of extremes, such as droughts and floods in India, the second highest populated country.These river interlinking projects involve water transfer from…
The natural cycles of the surface-to-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) and other important greenhouse gases are changing in response to human influences. These changes need to be quantified to understand climate change and its…
Atmospheric regime transitions are highly impactful as drivers of extreme weather events, but pose two formidable modeling challenges: predicting the next event (weather forecasting), and characterizing the statistics of events of a given…
In the present report, we describe the NaI particle detector network and present the first results of the experiment demonstrating that the particle fluxes from the atmospheric electron accelerators can cover large areas on the earth…
The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has adopted the FAIR Guiding Principles. The Atlas chapter of Working Group I (WGI) is presented as a test case. Here, we describe the application of…
How much wind energy does the atmosphere generate, and how much of it can at best be used as renewable energy? This review aims to give first-order estimates and sensitivities to answer these questions that are consistent with those…
Photosynthesis converts sunlight into the chemical free energy that feeds the Earth's biosphere, yet at levels much lower than what thermodynamics would allow for. I propose here that photosynthesis is nevertheless thermodynamically…