大气与海洋物理

We present an update to ECMWF's machine-learned weather forecasting model AIFS Single with several key improvements. The model now incorporates physical consistency constraints through bounding layers, an updated training schedule, and an…

Satellite precipitation retrieval algorithms whose measurement instruments are tilted to the zenith line are subject to a spatial mismatch between the theoretical ground coordinates and the coordinate pair corresponding to the cloud layers…

Machine learning weather prediction (MLWP) models have demonstrated remarkable potential in delivering accurate forecasts at significantly reduced computational cost compared to traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems.…

Escalating urban heat, driven by the convergence of global warming and rapid urbanization, is a profound threat to billions of city dwellers. The science directing urban heat adaptation is strongly influenced by studies that use…

Deep Learning (DL) has shown promise for downscaling global climate change projections under different approaches, including Perfect Prognosis (PP) and Regional Climate Model (RCM) emulation. Unlike emulators, PP downscaling models are…

Complex systems span multiple spatial and temporal scales, making their dynamics challenging to understand and predict. This challenge is especially daunting when one wants to study localized and/or rare events. Advances in dynamical…

Tropical East and West Pacific Oceans display differences in their vertical velocity (or omega) profiles. The East Pacific is characterized by bottom-heavy profiles, while the West Pacific is characterized by top-heavy profiles. Although…

Accurate simulations of oil spill trajectories are essential for supporting practitioners' response and mitigating environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Numerical models, such as MEDSLIK-II, simulate advection, dispersion, and…

Global warming presents an unprecedented challenge to our planet however comprehensive understanding remains hindered by geographical biases temporal limitations and lack of standardization in existing research. An end to end visual…

We present, motivate, and evaluate Radar Maxima, a calibrated area-based probabilistic forecast product for heavy precipitation. It is designed to overcome inherent limitations of point-based forecasts, which often yield low probabilities…

The forecast of wave variables are important for several applications that depend on a better description of the ocean state. Due to the chaotic behaviour of the differential equations which model this problem, a well know strategy to…

This paper presents a novel approach for implementing frequency-dependent hydrodynamic coefficients in Morison's equation, which is widely used in hydrodynamics modeling. Accurate hydrodynamic predictions using Morison's equation…

Overshooting tops (OTs) are informative indicators of convective storm intensity and are widely utilized in meteorological analyses. This study presents an automated algorithm for OT detection and OT height estimation using convolutional…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather prediction (AIWP) models often produce ``blurry'' precipitation forecasts. This study presents a novel solution to tackle this problem -- integrating terrain-following coordinates into AIWP models.…

Refraction is the predominant mechanism causing spatially inhomogeneous surface gravity wave fields. However, the complex interplay between depth- and current-induced wave refraction remains poorly understood. Assuming weak currents and…

The poleward extent of Earth's zonal-mean Hadley cells varies across seasons and years, which would be nice to capture in a simple theory. A plausible, albeit diagnostic, candidate from Hill et al (2022) combines the conventional two-layer,…

An ensemble post-processing method is developed to improve the probabilistic forecasts of extreme precipitation events across the conterminous United States (CONUS). The method combines a 3-D Vision Transformer (ViT) for bias correction…

We present theories for the latitudinal extents of both Hadley cells throughout the annual cycle by combining our recent scaling for the ascending edge latitude (Hill et al. 2021) with the uniform Rossby number (Ro), baroclinic…

We revisit long-standing controversies regarding relationships among the all-India rainfall index (AIRI), sub-India summer rainfall variations, El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) using 120-year sea…

CO$_2$-forced surface warming in general circulation models (GCMs) is initially polar-amplified in the Arctic but not Antarctic -- a largely hemispherically antisymmetric signal. Nevertheless, we show in CESM1 and eleven LongRunMIP GCMs…