大气与海洋物理

African dust exhibits strong variability on a range of time scales. Here we show that the interhemispheric contrast in Atlantic SST (ICAS) drives African dust variability on interannual, multidecadal, and millennial timescales, and a strong…

Floating marine debris represent a threat to marine and coastal ecology. Since the Mediterranean basin is one of the highly impacted regions, both by the coastal pollution as well as from sea traffic, the potential harm of a floating…

With a rapid increase in the number of geostationary satellites around the earth's orbit, there has been a renewed interest in using Global Positioning System (GPS) to understand several phenomenon in earth's atmosphere. Such study using…

Uncertainty in estimation of Drake Passage transport is analyzed in a Hessian-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework. The approach extends the adjoint-based ocean state estimation method to provide formal error bounds…

Variational approaches to data assimilation, and weakly constrained four dimensional variation (WC-4DVar) in particular, are important in the geosciences but also in other communities (often under different names). The cost functions and…

Monthly precipitation climatologies at 1 km resolution have been produced over the Norwegian mainland for 1981-2010. The observed station normals are interpolated over a regular grid by applying a multi-linear local regression kriging…

The wind energy community is gradually recognizing the significance of atmospheric stability in both power production and structural loading. However, estimating stability requires temperature gradient data which are not commonly measured…

As one of the most popular applications of lidar systems, the atmospheric visibility is defined to be inversely proportional to the atmospheric extinction coefficient at 0.55 um. Since the laser at 1.5 um shows the highest maximum…

Sea-level rise (SLR) is magnifying the frequency and severity of coastal flooding. The rate and amount of global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise is a function of the trajectory of global mean surface temperature (GMST). Therefore, temperature…

Sinking and resuspension are the most important processes determining the distribution of bentho--pelagic diatoms in the water column and influencing their variability. From the bentho--pelagic time series 1991-2008 we analyzed weekly…

We construct a climatology of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), the concealed skeleton that shapes transport, with a twelve-year-long data-assimilative simulation of the sea-surface circulation in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Computed as…

Cloud detection is the first step of any complex satellite-based cloud retrieval. No instrument detects all clouds, and analyses that use a given satellite climatology can only discuss a specific subset of clouds. We attempt to clarify…

Constraining the complex refractive indices, optical properties and size of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols is a vital endeavor for improving climate models and satellite retrieval algorithms. Smoldering wildfires are the largest source of…

Based on data from the Japan Sea and the North Sea the occurrence of rogue waves is analyzed by a scale dependent stochastic approach, which interlinks fluctuations of waves for different spacings. With this approach we are able to…

The capacity of deep velocity estimates provided by the Argo float network to reconstruct both mean and eddying quantities, such as the heat flux, is addressed using an idealized eddy resolving numerical model, designed to be representative…

Although iceberg models have been used for decades, they have received far more widespread attention in recent years, in part due to efforts to explicitly represent icebergs in climate models. This calls for increased scrutiny of all…

Meaningful climate predictions must be accompanied by their corresponding range of uncertainty. Quantifying the uncertainties is non-trivial, and different methods have been suggested and used in the past. Here, we propose a method that…

Sparse representations of atmospheric aerosols are needed for efficient regional- and global-scale chemical transport models. Here we introduce a new framework for representing aerosol distributions, based on the quadrature method of…

It has been suggested that the north-polar hexagon found on Saturn is an unusual Rossby wave. If this is to be the case, one must not only explain how a Rossby wave can be hexagonal in shape, albeit with curved corners, but also why it is…

Based on observations and climate model results, it has been suggested that the recent slowdown of global warming trends (climate hiatus), which took place in the early 2000s, might be due to enhanced ocean heat uptake. Here we suggest an…