大气与海洋物理

Cloud cover is crucial information for many applications such as planning land observation missions from space. It remains however a challenging variable to forecast, and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models suffer from significant…

Rocket exhaust plumes have been observed to cause large-scale depletions of ionospheric plasmas ("ionospheric holes"). In the F-region, charge exchange reactions occur between O^+ ions and exhaust species such as H$_2$O, H$_2$, and CO$_2$…

Using the formalism of the classical nucleation theory, we derive a novel kinetic equation for the size and composition distribution of an ensemble of aqueous organic aerosols, evolving via nucleation and concomitant chemical aging. This…

We propose a didactic approach to use the Machine Learning protocol in order to perform weather forecast. This study is motivated by the possibility to apply this method to predict weather conditions in proximity of the Etna and Stromboli…

A single-column model (SCM) is constructed in the regional climate model RegCM4. The evolution of a dry convection boundary layer (DCBL) is used to evaluate this SCM and compare four planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, the…

The first goal of this study is to quantify the magnitude and spatial variability of air quality changes in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on two federally regulated pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate…

The northeastern coast of the U.S. is projected to expand its offshore wind capacity from the existing 30 MW to over 22 GW in the next decade. Yet, only a few wind measurements are available in the region and none at hub height, thus…

The runup of initial Gaussian narrow-banded and wide-banded wave fields and its statistical characteristics are investigated using direct numerical simulations, based on the nonlinear shallow water equations. The bathymetry consists of the…

Predicting changes in sea ice cover is critical for shipping, ecosystem monitoring, and climate modeling. Current sea ice models, however, predict more ice than is observed in the Arctic, and less in the Antarctic. Improving the fit of…

Climate change is likely to pose enormous challenges for agriculture, water resources, infrastructure, and livelihood of millions of people living in South Asia. Here, we develop daily bias-corrected data of precipitation, maximum and…

In recent years, the paradigms of data-driven science have become essential components of physical sciences, particularly in geophysical disciplines such as climatology. The field of hydrology is one of these disciplines where machine…

As wind energy continues to expand, increased interaction between wind farms and their surroundings can be expected. Using natural snowfall to visualize the air flow in the wake of a utility-scale wind turbine at unprecedented…

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) concentrations are strongly affected by anthropogenic activities. Using space-based measurements of tropospheric NO$_2$, here we investigate the responses of tropospheric NO$_2$ to the 2019 novel…

For most statistical postprocessing schemes used to correct weather forecasts, changes to the forecast model induce a considerable reforecasting effort. We present a new approach based on response theory to cope with slight model changes.…

In situ and remotely sensed observations have potential to facilitate data-driven predictive models for oceanography. A suite of machine learning models, including regression, decision tree and deep learning approaches were developed to…

Every year hundreds of people die at sea because of vessel and airplane accidents. A key challenge in reducing the number of these fatalities is to make Search and Rescue (SAR) algorithms more efficient. Here we address this challenge by…

Recent developments in numerical weather prediction have led to the use of correlated observation error covariance (OEC) information in data assimilation and forecasting systems. However, diagnosed OEC matrices are often ill-conditioned and…

Jaramillo et al. (2018) (hereafter JMR1) asserted that our theory, henceforth known as CIAD (condensation-induced atmospheric dynamics), modifies the equation of vertical motion in a manner that violates Newton's third law. Jaramillo et al.…

The use of coupled Backward Lyapunov Vectors (BLV) for ensemble forecast is demonstrated in a coupled ocean-atmosphere system of reduced order, the Modular Arbitrary Order Ocean-Atmosphere Model (MAOOAM). It is found that overall the best…

The accumulated remote sensing data of altimeters and scatterometers have provided a new opportunity to forecast the ocean states and improve the knowledge in ocean/atmosphere exchanges. Few previous studies have focused on sea level…