大气与海洋物理

We report a formula for the dry adiabatic lapse rate that depends on the compressibility factor and the adiabatic curves. Then, to take into account the non-ideal behavior of the gases, we consider molecules that can move, rotate, and…

Open-path dual-comb spectroscopy provides multi-species atmospheric gas concentration measurements with high precision. Here, we extend open-path dual comb spectroscopy to the mid-infrared 5 {\mu}m atmospheric window, enabling atmospheric…

We study the effect of the second virial coefficient on the adiabatic lapse rate of a dry atmosphere. To this end, we compute the corresponding adiabatic curves, the internal energy, and the heat capacity, among other thermodynamic…

We analyze the applicability of convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for downscaling of short-range forecasts of near-surface winds on extended spatial domains. Short-range wind field forecasts (at the 100 m level) from ECMWF…

Spatially and temporally explicit canopy water content (CWC) data are important for monitoring vegetation status, and constitute essential information for studying ecosystem-climate interactions. Despite many efforts there is currently no…

This paper presents the development and implementation of a cloud detection algorithm for Proba-V. Accurate and automatic detection of clouds in satellite scenes is a key issue for a wide range of remote sensing applications. With no…

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on board the MetOp satellite series provides important measurements for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). Retrieving accurate atmospheric parameters from the raw data provided by…

Climate models are an important tool for the assessment of prospective climate change effects but they suffer from systematic and representation errors, especially for precipitation. Model output statistics (MOS) reduce these errors by…

We present a deep learning model with temporal memory to detect clouds in image time series acquired by the Seviri imager mounted on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The model provides pixel-level cloud maps with related…

Computationally expensive Radiative Transfer Models (RTMs) are widely used} to realistically reproduce the light interaction with the Earth surface and atmosphere. Because these models take long processing time, the common practice is to…

The Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR;http://cccr.tropmet.res.in) at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM; http://www.tropmet.res.in), Pune, launched in 2009 with the support of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES),…

Assessments of impacts of climate change and future projections over the Indian region, have so far relied on a single regional climate model (RCM) - eg., the PRECIS RCM of the Hadley Centre, UK. While these assessments have provided inputs…

During 2015, the southwest monsoon (SWM) rainfall over the country remained deficient with seasonal rainfall of about 86% of the long period average (Table 1.1). Last year, the seasonal rainfall deficiency over the country as a whole was…

We present a prognostic, one-equation model for eddy-mean flow interactions to parameterize the divergence of the Eliassen-Palm flux tensor (EPFT) that arises from thickness-weighted averaging (TWA) the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations. The…

A non-autonomous stochastic dynamical model approach is developed to describe the seasonal to interannual variability of the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We determine the model coefficients by systematic statistical estimations…

Spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (RBS) experiments have been performed in air for pressures in the range 0.25 - 3 bar and temperatures in the range 273 - 333 K. The functional behaviour of the RB-spectral profile as a function of…

The atmosphere is chaotic. This fundamental property of the climate system makes forecasting weather incredibly challenging: it's impossible to expect weather models to ever provide perfect predictions of the Earth system beyond timescales…

Aerodynamic entrainment acts as the pioneer of saltation movement and is critical for understanding the development of aeolian phenomena. Here we performed direct numerical simulations on the aerodynamic lifting of surface particles on a…

Two future scenarios that are not explicitly in the range of scenarios (the Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios) utilised by the IPCC. These two scenarios are the emissions trend under peak fossil fuel (for example, Mohr et al.,…

The dynamics and momentum budget of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) are examined in the ERA5 reanalysis and compared with those in ERA-I. Because of ERA5's higher spatial resolution it is capable of resolving a broader spectrum of…