大气与海洋物理
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure significantly contributes to non-melanoma skin cancer. In the context of health, UV exposure is the product of time and the UV Index (UVI), a weighted sum of the irradiance I(lambda) over all wavelengths from…
A promising approach to improve climate-model simulations is to replace traditional subgrid parameterizations based on simplified physical models by machine learning algorithms that are data-driven. However, neural networks (NNs) often lead…
This study is part of an effort to improve the Navy's ability to forecast wind-generated ocean waves in ice-infested regions, and here we are attempting to further this goal by improving prediction of dissipation of wave energy by sea ice.…
Global lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in the anthropogenic activities resulting in perceivable air quality improvements. Although several recent studies have analyzed these changes over different regions…
The forcings due to changing concentrations of Earth's five most important, naturally occurring greenhouse gases, H$_2$O, CO$_2$, O$_3$, N$_2$O and CH$_4$ as well as CF$_4$ and SF$_6$ were evaluated for the case of a cloud-free atmosphere.…
Social-distancing to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread reductions in air pollutant emissions. Quantifying these changes requires a business as usual counterfactual that accounts for the synoptic and seasonal variability of…
Our recently developed tool, called Directed Affinity Segmentation was originally designed for data-driven discovery of coherent sets in fluidic systems. Here we interpret that it can also be used to indicate early warning signs of critical…
Ocean hazardous spills and search and rescue incidents are more prevalent as maritime activities increase across all sectors of society. However, emergency response time remains a factor due to a lack of information to accurately forecast…
This study describes a specific type of critical layer for near-inertial waves (NIWs) that forms when isopycnals run parallel to sloping bathymetry. Upon entering this slantwise critical layer, the group velocity of the waves decreases to…
We investigate the potential added value of running three limited-area ensemble systems (with the WRF, Meso-NH and MOLOCH models and a grid spacing of approximately 2.5 km) for two heavy-precipitation events in Italy. Such high-resolution…
The measuring stations of a geophysical network are often spatially distributed in an inhomogeneous manner. The areal inhomogeneity can be well characterized by the fractal dimension D_H of the network, which is usually smaller than the…
The need to understand the role of statistical methods for the forecasting of climatological parameters cannot be trivialized. This study gives an in depth review on the different variations of the Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test and how they…
In coastal water systems, horizontal chaotic dispersion plays a significant role in the distribution and fate of pollutants. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) provide useful tools to approach the problem of the transport of pollutants…
General circulation models are essential tools in weather and hydrodynamic simulation. They solve discretized, complex physical equations in order to compute evolutionary states of dynamical systems, such as the hydrodynamics of a lake.…
Recent studies found that atmospheric superrotation (i.e., west-to-east winds over the equator) on tidally locked planets can modify the phase of planetary waves. But, a clear relationship between the superrotation and the magnitude of the…
On October 14th, 2016, the station of Tofino (British Columbia, Canada) issued the first ever real-time tsunami alert triggered by a coastal High-Frequency Radar system, based on the identification of abnormal surface current patterns. The…
We used transition path theory (TPT) to infer "reactive" pathways of floating marine debris trajectories. The TPT analysis was applied on a pollution-aware time-homogeneous Markov chain model constructed from trajectories produced by…
Numerical weather prediction has traditionally been based on physical models of the atmosphere. Recently, however, the rise of deep learning has created increased interest in purely data-driven medium-range weather forecasting with first…
With LOFAR we have been able to image the development of lightning flashes with meter-scale accuracy and unprecedented detail. We discuss the primary steps behind our most recent lightning mapping method. To demonstrate the capabilities of…
Spectroscopic measurements at top of atmosphere are uniquely capable of attributing changes in Earth's outgoing infrared radiation field to specific greenhouse gasses. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) placed in orbit in 2002 has…