综合数学

This is an exhaustive study of the seventeen elements of Pythagorean triangles, from the point of view of when such an element is an irrational number, a rational number, or an integer. For each of these 17 elements,precice conditions for…

The proof uses the property that the vertices of a triangulated planar graph can be four coloured if the triangles can have a +1 or -1 orientation so that the sum of the triangle orientations around each vertex is a multiple of 3. Such…

We show how a metric space induces a linear functional (a "mean") on real-valued functions with domains in that metric space. This immediately induces a "relative" measure on a collection of subsets of the underlying set.

We prove a certain relation between Legendre's conjecture and Bertrand's postulate in terms of a certain transformation of Legendre's function phi. We show a certain property of a prime.

The group invariance of entanglement is obtained within a very general and simple setup of the latter, given by a recently introduced considerably extended concept of tensor products. This general approach to entanglement - unlike the usual…

Without additional hypotheses, Proposition 7.1 in Brams and Taylor's book "Fair Division" (Cambridge University Press, 1996) is false, as are several related Pareto-optimality theorems of Brams, Jones and Klamler in their 2006 cake-cutting…

The article considers the Choice Axiom.

In this book, the authors introduce the notion of Super linear algebra and super vector spaces using the definition of super matrices defined by Horst (1963). This book expects the readers to be well-versed in linear algebra. Many theorems…

In keeping with the definition that biotechnology is really no more than a name given to a set of techniques and processes, the authors apply some set of fuzzy techniques to chemical industry problems such as finding the proper proportion…

Let K be a self-similar or self-affine set in R^d, let \mu be a self-similar or self-affine measure on it, and let G be the group of affine maps, similitudes, isometries or translations of R^d. Under various assumptions (such as separation…

The aim of the work is to prove the following main theorem. Theorem. Let M3 be a three-dimensional, connected, simple-connected, closed, compact, smooth manifold. Tnen the manifold M3 is diffeomorphic to the three-dimensional sphere.

In the early part of the paper, various geometrical formulas are derived. Then, at some point in the paper, the concept of a Pythagorean rational is introduced. A Pythagorean rational is a rational number which is the ratio of two integers…

To represent positive integers by regular patterns on a plane or in three-dimensional space may be traced back to the Pythagoreans. The aim of the present article is to explore the possibility of extending the representation framework for…

For a large class of nonlinear evolution PDEs, and more generally, of nonlinear semigroups, as well as their approximating numerical methods, two rather natural stability type convergence conditions are given, one being necessary, while the…

The aim of the present article is to explore the possibilities of representing positive integers as sums of other positive integers and highlight certain fundamental connections between their multiplicative and additive properties. In…

In this paper we tried a different approach to work out the integrals of e^(x^n) and e^(-x^n). Integration by parts shows a nice pattern which can be reduced to a form of series. We have shown both the indefinite and definite integrals of…

P. J. Kelly conjectured in 1968 that every diregular tournament on (2n+1) points can be decomposed in directed Hamilton circuits [1]. We define so called leading diregular tournament on (2n+1) points and show that it can be decomposed in…

Actual infinity in its various forms is discussed, searched and not found.

In this paper, we intend to generalize the classical set theory as much as possible. we will do this by freeing sets from the regular properties of classical sets; e.g., the law of excluded middle, the law of non-contradiction, the…

In this book, the authors define the new notion of set vector spaces which is the most generalized form of vector spaces. Set vector spaces make use of the least number of algebraic operations, therefore, even a non-mathematician is…