天体物理仪器与方法

The LiteBIRD satellite mission aims at detecting Cosmic Microwave Background $B$ modes with unprecedented precision, targeting a total error on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ of $\delta r \sim 0.001$. Operating from the L2 Lagrangian point…

Scientific CMOS (sCMOS) image sensors are a modern alternative to typical CCD detectors and are rapidly gaining popularity in observational astronomy due to their large sizes, low read-out noise, high frame rates, and cheap manufacturing.…

A next-generation medium-energy gamma-ray telescope targeting the MeV range would address open questions in astrophysics regarding how extreme conditions accelerate cosmic-ray particles, produce relativistic jet outflows, and more. One…

Development of high-speed, spatial-mapping spectrometers in the millimeter and far-infrared frequencies would enable entirely new research avenues in astronomy and cosmology. An "on-chip" spectrometer is one such technology that could…

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extremely bright, millisecond duration cosmic transients of unknown origin. The growing number of wide-field and high-time-resolution radio surveys, particularly with next-generation facilities such as the SKA…

CMB-S4 is the fourth-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background project, designed to probe the early universe and cosmic inflation. CMB-S4 would achieve its science goals in part by dramatically increasing the number of transition…

We present a detailed study of Bayesian inference workflows for pulsar timing array data with a focus on enhancing efficiency, robustness and speed through the use of normalizing flow-based nested sampling. Building on the Enterprise…

[Abridged] The physical conditions in stellar atmospheres can be obtained from the interpretation of solar spectro-polarimetric observations. However, traditional inversion codes are computationally demanding, especially for lines whose…

The point-spread function of the integral-field unit (IFU) mode of the JWST's NIRSpec is heavily under-sampled, creating resampling noise seen as low-frequency sinusoidal-like artifacts, or "wiggles". These artifacts in the data are not…

This study investigates the potential of a pre-trained vision Transformer (VT) model, specifically the Swin Transformer V2 (SwinV2), to classify photometric light curves without the need for feature extraction or multi-band preprocessing.…

Voronoi diagrams are essential geometrical structures with numerous applications, particularly astrophysics-driven finite volume methods. While serial algorithms for constructing these entities are well-established, parallel construction…

There is an ever-growing need in the gravitational wave community for fast and reliable inference methods, accompanied by an informative error bar. Nested sampling satisfies the last two requirements, but its computational cost can become…

Nested sampling parameter estimation differs from evidence estimation, in that it incurs an additional source of uncertainty. This uncertainty affects estimates of parameter means and credible intervals in gravitational wave analyses and…

The goal of this white paper is to provide a snapshot of the data availability and data needs primarily for the Ariel space mission, but also for related atmospheric studies of exoplanets and brown dwarfs. It covers the following…

The CCAT Observatory's Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope, a novel, high-throughput, 6-meter aperture telescope, is scheduled for first light in 2026. Located at 5600 m on Cerro Chajnantor in the Chilean Atacama Desert, the CCAT site…

Exoplanet direct imaging allows us to directly probe and characterize an exoplanet's atmosphere, searching for signs of life in its atmospheric signatures. Directly imaging an Earth-like planet around a Sun-like star requires reaching…

As a space telescope, the China Space Station Survey Telescope (CSST) will face significant challenges from cosmic ray (CR) contamination. These CRs will severely degrade image quality and further influence scientific analysis. Due to the…

Dust dynamics plays a critical role in astrophysical processes and has been modeled in hydrodynamical simulations using various approaches. Among particle-based methods like Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), the One-Fluid model has…

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will capture light curves (LCs) for 10 billion sources and produce millions of transient candidates per night, necessitating scalable, accurate, and efficient…

Ground-based astronomical observations will continue to produce resolution-limited images due to atmospheric seeing. Deconvolution reverses such effects and thus can benefit extracted science in multifaceted ways. We apply the Scaled…