天体物理仪器与方法

The East Asia VLBI Network (EAVN) has recently enabled dual-polarization observations at $22$ and $43\,\mathrm{GHz}$. We present the first systematic verification of its polarimetric performance using EAVN observations of M87, 3C 279, 3C…

The scientific potential of X-ray polarimetry has long been recognized, but the challenges in measuring polarization have left it largely unexplored, particularly in the hard X-ray regime. While tremendous advancement has been made in soft…

We consider the application of a ubercalibration-like relative flux calibration to the grism observations of the Roman High Latitude Wide Area Survey (HLWAS). We propose a simplified model of the calibration with an independent flat field…

Estimating galaxy redshifts is crucial for constraining key physical quantities like those in the equation of state of dark energy. Modern telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope, the Euclid Space Telescope, and the NASA Nancy…

We present a probabilistic autoencoder (PAE) framework for galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling and redshift estimation, applied to synthetic SPHEREx 102-band spectrophotometry. Our PAE learns a compact latent representation…

We propose GravNet (Global detector network to search for high-frequency gravitational waves), a novel experimental scheme enabling the search for gravitational waves in the MHz to GHz frequency range. Such high-frequency gravitational…

We presented the optimization procedures of the baffle mounted on the GroundBIRD telescope for measuring the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background~(CMB). The telescope employs dual mirror reflective telescopes installed in a…

We describe the design, laboratory manufacture, and on-sky testing of the grating vector apodizing phase plate (gvAPP) coronagraph for the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS) on the Very Large Telescope. We used both…

Optical turbulence, driven by fluctuations of the atmospheric refractive index, poses a significant challenge to ground-based optical systems, as it distorts the propagation of light. This degradation affects both astronomical observations…

Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) is essential for increasing the corrected Field-of-View (FoV) in astronomical imaging and potentially for free-space optical communications, particularly for small-aperture, transportable systems. We…

We present the Ising noise filter, a highly portable, graph-based pre-filtering algorithm for early-stage background suppression in particle accelerators and astrophysical detectors. Standard noise rejection methods relying on track fitting…

A careful characterisation of the noise processes in pulsar timing data is a prerequisite for pulsar timing array experiments. While single-pulsar noise analyses are crucial for both gravitational-wave searches and astrophysical studies,…

We present Rubin Data Preview 1 DP1, the first data from the NSF DOE Vera C Rubin Observatory, comprising raw and calibrated single epoch images, coadds, difference images, detection catalogs, and ancillary data products. DP1 is based on…

An intercontinental metrological clock comparison between Italy and the Republic of Korea was performed by means of geodetic K-band VLBI observations. The comparison involved the hydrogen masers (H-masers) used at Medicina and Sejong radio…

Efficiently sampling from high-dimensional, multi-modal posteriors is a central challenge in Bayesian inference for astrophysics, especially gravitational-wave astronomy. Popular families of methods like Markov-chain Monte Carlo, nested…

Scientists across all disciplines share a common challenge: the divide between their theoretical knowledge and the specialized skills and time needed to build interactive tools to communicate this expertise. While large language models…

Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs) are valuable high-redshift cosmological probes traditionally identified using specialized narrow-band photometric surveys. In ground-based spectroscopy, it can be difficult to distinguish the sharp LAE peak from…

Gamma-Ray Transient Monitor (GTM) is an all-sky monitor onboard the Distant Retrograde Orbit-A (DRO-A) satellite, with the scientific objective of detecting gamma-ray bursts in the energy range of 20 keV to 1 MeV. GTM is equipped with five…

Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) has been added as a new observation mode to the Robert Stobie Spectrograph (RSS), the workhorse multi-mode instrument on the Southern African Large Telescope. RSS operates as an imaging spectrograph…

The Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) instrument is a radio telescope system designed to characterize the radio and plasma wave environment of the nearside lunar surface at frequencies between…