天体物理仪器与方法

Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) are pivotal in various scientific fields, including neutrino physics, gamma-ray astronomy, and cosmic-ray research. The detection sensitivity and precision of these detectors crucially rely on…

The integral-field unit (IFU) spectrometers on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) undersample the nearly diffraction-limited point spread function provided by the telescope optics. This undersampling produces large oscillating…

Precise sensing and control of spatial mode content is essential for the performance of precision optical systems, particularly interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, where misalignment and mode mismatch can lead to significant…

The next generation of high-precision astrometry is rapidly approaching thanks to ongoing and upcoming missions like Euclid, LSST, and RST. We present a new tool (available at https://github.com/KevinMcK95/gaia_roman_astrometry) to simulate…

With the goal of extracting as much information as possible from Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of faint, diffuse sources such as galaxy clusters, as well as those of future X-ray telescopes, we present a strategy for forward modeling…

For frontier experiments operating at the edge of detectability, instrument design directly determines the probability of discovery. We introduce Conditional Neural Bayes Ratio Estimation (cNBRE), which extends neural Bayes ratio estimation…

In this paper, a new tool for Doppler tomography, Tomo-V (https://tomo-v.inasan.ru) that is developed based on the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) has been presented. Previously, the ART method has not been widely used in…

Detecting faint objects in cislunar space using ground-based optical telescopes is difficult because of their low brightness, strong lunar background, and complex, nonlinear apparent motion. Traditional shift-and-stack techniques based on…

We discuss the results of using large language models (LLMs) to conduct original scientific research in an unfamiliar subject area during the Fall 2025 semester. Students in a graduate astronomy and astrophysics course were asked to test…

The sensitivity of radio telescopes is becoming increasingly limited by the presence of radio frequency interference (RFI), which will worsen as the radio spectrum becomes more crowded. One context where this poses a challenge is the field…

We present map-making methodologies and preliminary spectral data cubes for SPHEREx, a NASA Explorer mission that launched in March 2025 and has been performing an all-sky near-infrared spectral survey. The SPHEREx instrument observes from…

We present SM-Net, a machine-learning model that learns a continuous spectral manifold from multiple high-resolution stellar libraries. SM-Net generates stellar spectra directly from the fundamental stellar parameters effective temperature…

Astrophotonics is central to the next generation of astronomical instrumentation, enabling compact photonic integrated circuits for both ground-based observatories and future space missions. Beam combination for nulling interferometry…

Attenuation bias -- the systematic underestimation of regression coefficients due to measurement errors in input variables -- affects astronomical data-driven models. For linear regression, this problem was solved by treating the true input…

(Sub-)millimetre single-dish telescopes feature faster mapping speeds and access larger spatial scales than their interferometric counterparts. However, atmospheric fluctuations tend to dominate their signals and complicate recovery of the…

Gravitational waves, detected a century after they were first theorized, are spacetime distortions caused by some of the most cataclysmic events in the universe, including black hole mergers and supernovae. The successful detection of these…

Missing channels in radio-interferometric visibility data can introduce systematic artifacts into the estimated 21-cm power spectrum. A common workaround is to first estimate the two-frequency correlation $C(\Delta\nu)$ and then…

We present HEALFormer, a transformer-based neural network architecture for weak gravitational lensing mass mapping that reconstructs convergence maps from incomplete and noisy shear observations on the celestial sphere. The model operates…

We present the development of ProtoPol - a medium resolution echelle spectro-polarimeter for the PRL 1.2m and 2.5m telescopes at Mt Abu observatory, India. In this second and final part of the paper series, we report on the development of a…

ProtoPol is a medium-resolution echelle spectro-polarimeter developed for Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) 1.2m and 2.5m telescopes, Mt. Abu, India. Though initially conceived to evaluate the development methodology of the echelle…