天体物理仪器与方法

LUSTER-net is a lunar-surface UVOIR observatory network mission concept for time-domain astrophysics. The concept envisions a scalable array of approximately 6-12 commonly designed telescope nodes, with apertures in the $\sim0.5-1$ m class,…

Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) is a key technique to study galaxies, stellar and planetary systems, and transients, by spatially splitting the scene and dispersing this light onto the detector. This technique is now central for many…

In this work, we report the successful application of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in gamma-ray burst (GRB) detectors used in CubeSats operating in the low Earth orbit (LEO) radiation environment. It is known that SiPMs are susceptible…

Pathfinder gamma-ray burst (GRB) detecting CubeSat missions such as GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 have demonstrated the successful application of scintillator detectors with silicon photomultipliers in low Earth orbit (LEO). To produce more…

We investigate whether specially constructed text captions can capture the same morphological information as radio galaxy images. Using the MiraBest dataset, we generate captions with a domain-specific prompt and evaluate their alignment…

The detection and characterization of organic molecules within water ice is vital for interpreting observations of icy moons and comets. However, organic-ice interactions often distort intrinsic water-ice absorption features, complicating…

In MOS Low-Resolution mode, WST has a 'spectral etendue' per fiber (etendue x spectral resolution elements) twice as large as any existing MOS instrument, and a total spectral etendue ~20 times larger. Combined, these present enormous…

Astronomers are often stereotyped as gazing at the stars. Today, they mainly visually inspect digital data they receive from telescopes in remote observatories. One of the most complex is the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. Multiple…

Photometric observations of space debris objects brighter than magnitudes 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 are characterized. Those magnitudes pertain to different levels of interference with astronomy as defined by the International Astronomical Union.…

Time-domain surveys generate many transient candidates, making Real-Bogus classification a critical step in automated discovery pipelines. Reliable labels are costly, while community labels can be noisy and survey-dependent. We aim to…

Supernova cosmology relies on accurate measurement of the absolute magnitudes of Type Ia supernovae. Observation in the visible incurs significant systematic uncertainties in these measurements due to their high degree of interstellar dust…

The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) is a NASA balloon-borne instrument for the detection of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos with energies above $10^{17.5}~\textrm{eV}$ via either the Askaryan effect or geomagnetic…

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) is the technology demonstration mission for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Besides the science interferometric channel, LPF is equipped with numerous auxiliary channels that monitor the…

This chapter outlines the key, state of the art, techniques required to conduct commensal image plane transient searches. Using significant experience and expertise from conducting transient searches with the SKA pathfinders, we have…

AtLAST is designed to be the largest (sub-)mm single-dish astronomical observatory and the first climate-neutral modern research infrastructure. It offers a unique combination of large aperture (50 m), large field of view (>1 deg), fast…

Expanded closed-cell polymer foams are widely used as thermal infrared (IR) blocking filters in millimeter-wave cameras, particularly for Cosmic Microwave Background observations. Precise knowledge of their millimeter-wave properties is…

We introduce CausticFlow, a machine learning framework that combines neural controlled differential equations with normalizing flows to infer binary microlensing parameters. This architecture naturally handles irregularly sampled time…

This White Paper presents the scientific rationale and instrument concept for HRMOS (High-Resolution Multi-Object Spectrograph), a next-generation instrument proposed for the ESO Very Large Telescope within the VLT 2030 roadmap. Current and…

Star-Planet Interactions (SPIs) produce observable phenomena across the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-ray and ultraviolet emission tracing magnetic activity and atmospheric escape to optical, infrared, and radio signatures probing…

The use of machine learning techniques to approximate computationally expensive models has become increasingly prevalent in a wide variety of fields within astronomy. We discuss the implementation of emulators for 1-dimensional models in…