天体物理仪器与方法

Estimating the exoplanet scientific productivity of the Habitable Worlds Observatory requires estimating science exposure times. From exoplanet yields to spectral retrievals, exposure times are at the heart of our understanding of the…

High energy cosmic-rays generate air showers when they enter Earth's atmosphere. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy is possible using either direct detection of shower particles at mountain altitudes, or with arrays of imaging air-Cherenkov…

This study proposes a 3D-printed, quad-ridged, dual-pol, flared horn antenna feeder to meet the demands of a modern radio-telescope. The research work presented in this paper involves both the theoretical and the customized / adapted…

HERMES Pathfinder is an in-orbit demonstration consisting of a constellation of six 3U cubesats hosting simple but innovative X-ray/gamma-ray detectors for the monitoring of cosmic high-energy transients. HERMES-PF, funded by ASI and by the…

Radio interferometers must grapple with apparent fields of view that distort the true radio sky. These so-called 'A-term' distortions may be direction-, time- and baseline-dependent, and include effects like the primary beam and the…

This paper describes a method for parametric radial profile modelling of radio interferometric visibility data. Image-based parametric modelling is common in the field of circumstellar debris disks, and high resolution ALMA observations…

A method based on Generative Adversaria! Networks (GANs) is developed for disentangling the physical (effective temperature and gravity) and chemical (metallicity, overabundance of a-elements with respect to iron) atmospheric properties in…

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be the first space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory. It will measure gravitational wave signals in the frequency regime from 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz. The success of these measurements will…

$N$-body simulations are computationally expensive, so machine-learning (ML)-based emulation techniques have emerged as a way to increase their speed. Although fast, surrogate models have limited trustworthiness due to potentially…

The exponential growth of astronomical literature poses significant challenges for researchers navigating and synthesizing general insights or even domain-specific knowledge. We present Pathfinder, a machine learning framework designed to…

This work proposes a saliency-based attribution framework to evaluate and compare 10 state-of-the-art explainability methods for deep learning models in astronomy, focusing on the classification of radio galaxy images. While previous work…

Image denoising based on deep learning has witnessed significant advancements in recent years. However, existing deep learning methods lack quantitative control of the deviation or error on denoised images. The neural networks Self2Self is…

In astrochemical exploration, infrared (IR) spectroscopy is vital for understanding the composition and structure of ice in various space environments. This article explores the impact of incident angles on IR spectroscopy, focusing on…

In the case of Type-2 AGNs, estimating the mass of the black hole is challenging. Understanding how galaxies form and evolve requires considerable insight into the mass of black holes. This work compared different classical and quantum…

The non-destructive readout capability of the Skipper Charge Coupled Device (CCD) has been demonstrated to reduce the noise limitation of conventional silicon devices to levels that allow single-photon or single-electron counting. The noise…

Traditional microlensing event vetting methods require highly trained human experts, and the process is both complex and time-consuming. This reliance on manual inspection often leads to inefficiencies and constrains the ability to scale…

HII regions powered by ionizing radiation from massive stars drive the dynamical evolution of the interstellar medium. Fast radiative transfer methods for incorporating photoionization effects are thus essential in astrophysical…

The Multiple Amplifier Sensing Charge-Coupled Device (MAS-CCD) has emerged as a promising technology for astronomical observation, quantum imaging, and low-energy particle detection due to its ability to reduce the readout noise without…

Customized digital backends for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) are critical components for radio astronomy observatories. There are several serialized products such as the Digital Baseband Converter (DBBC), Reconfigurable Open…

The paper presents the new enhancement to the Data Center named DC1 at the University of Naples "Federico II". The ICSC funds at INFN have allowed to improve the power and cooling subsystems, while other funds from the PNRR (the STILES…