（2+1）维格子规范理论中电荷与弦动力学可视化
量子物理
2025-07-02 v2 强关联电子
高能物理 - 格点
摘要
格子规范理论（Lattice Gauge Theories, LGTs）可用于理解从高能物理中的基本粒子散射到材料中众多体相互作用的有效描述等多种现象。研究涌现相的动力学属性具有挑战性，因为这需要解决通常超出扰动极限的众多体问题。本文使用由超导量子比特组成的二维格子，研究局部激发的动力学特性。我们首先构建一个简单的变分电路，准备与基态具有较大重叠度的低能态；随后通过局部门创建电荷激发，并通过离散化时间演化模拟其量子动力学。随着电场耦合常数的增加，我们的测量显示从解缠聚变为约束相的动力学特征的转变。对于约束激发，电场在连接它们的弦中引入张力。我们的方法允许从（2+1）维LGT中对弦动力学进行实验成像，从而发现约束相内存在两种不同的相 regime：在弱约束情况下，弦在横向方向上强烈波动；而在强约束情况下，横向波动基本上被冻结。此外，我们展示了一种共振条件，使得动态弦断裂得以促进。我们在量子处理器上的LGT实现提供了一套新型技术，用于探讨涌现激发和弦动力学。
引用
@article{arxiv.2409.17142,
title = {Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories},
author = {Tyler A. Cochran and Bernhard Jobst and Eliott Rosenberg and Yuri D. Lensky and Gaurav Gyawali and Norhan Eassa and Melissa Will and Dmitry Abanin and Rajeev Acharya and Laleh Aghababaie Beni and Trond I. Andersen and Markus Ansmann and Frank Arute and Kunal Arya and Abraham Asfaw and Juan Atalaya and Ryan Babbush and Brian Ballard and Joseph C. Bardin and Andreas Bengtsson and Alexander Bilmes and Alexandre Bourassa and Jenna Bovaird and Michael Broughton and David A. Browne and Brett Buchea and Bob B. Buckley and Tim Burger and Brian Burkett and Nicholas Bushnell and Anthony Cabrera and Juan Campero and Hung-Shen Chang and Zijun Chen and Ben Chiaro and Jahan Claes and Agnetta Y. Cleland and Josh Cogan and Roberto Collins and Paul Conner and William Courtney and Alexander L. Crook and Ben Curtin and Sayan Das and Sean Demura and Laura De Lorenzo and Agustin Di Paolo and Paul Donohoe and Ilya Drozdov and Andrew Dunsworth and Alec Eickbusch and Aviv Moshe Elbag and Mahmoud Elzouka and Catherine Erickson and Vinicius S. Ferreira and Leslie Flores Burgos and Ebrahim Forati and Austin G. Fowler and Brooks Foxen and Suhas Ganjam and Robert Gasca and Élie Genois and William Giang and Dar Gilboa and Raja Gosula and Alejandro Grajales Dau and Dietrich Graumann and Alex Greene and Jonathan A. Gross and Steve Habegger and Monica Hansen and Matthew P. Harrigan and Sean D. Harrington and Paula Heu and Oscar Higgott and Jeremy Hilton and Hsin-Yuan Huang and Ashley Huff and William J. Huggins and Evan Jeffrey and Zhang Jiang and Cody Jones and Chaitali Joshi and Pavol Juhas and Dvir Kafri and Hui Kang and Amir H. Karamlou and Kostyantyn Kechedzhi and Trupti Khaire and Tanuj Khattar and Mostafa Khezri and Seon Kim and Paul V. Klimov and Bryce Kobrin and Alexander N. Korotkov and Fedor Kostritsa and John Mark Kreikebaum and Vladislav D. Kurilovich and David Landhuis and Tiano Lange-Dei and Brandon W. Langley and Kim-Ming Lau and Justin Ledford and Kenny Lee and Brian J. Lester and Loïck Le Guevel and Wing Yan Li and Alexander T. Lill and William P. Livingston and Aditya Locharla and Daniel Lundahl and Aaron Lunt and Sid Madhuk and Ashley Maloney and Salvatore Mandrà and Leigh S. Martin and Orion Martin and Cameron Maxfield and Jarrod R. McClean and Matt McEwen and Seneca Meeks and Anthony Megrant and Kevin C. Miao and Reza Molavi and Sebastian Molina and Shirin Montazeri and Ramis Movassagh and Charles Neill and Michael Newman and Anthony Nguyen and Murray Nguyen and Chia-Hung Ni and Murphy Yuezhen Niu and William D. Oliver and Kristoffer Ottosson and Alex Pizzuto and Rebecca Potter and Orion Pritchard and Chris Quintana and Ganesh Ramachandran and Matthew J. Reagor and David M. Rhodes and Gabrielle Roberts and Kannan Sankaragomathi and Kevin J. Satzinger and Henry F. Schurkus and Michael J. Shearn and Aaron Shorter and Noah Shutty and Vladimir Shvarts and Volodymyr Sivak and Spencer Small and W. Clarke Smith and Sofia Springer and George Sterling and Jordan Suchard and Aaron Szasz and Alex Sztein and Douglas Thor and M. Mert Torunbalci and Abeer Vaishnav and Justin Vargas and Sergey Vdovichev and Guifre Vidal and Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller and Steven Waltman and Shannon X. Wang and Brayden Ware and Theodore White and Kristi Wong and Bryan W. K. Woo and Cheng Xing and Z. Jamie Yao and Ping Yeh and Bicheng Ying and Juhwan Yoo and Noureldin Yosri and Grayson Young and Adam Zalcman and Yaxing Zhang and Ningfeng Zhu and Nicholas Zobris and Sergio Boixo and Julian Kelly and Erik Lucero and Yu Chen and Vadim Smelyanskiy and Hartmut Neven and Adam Gammon-Smith and Frank Pollmann and Michael Knap and Pedram Roushan},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.17142},
year = {2025}
}
备注
Main article, methods, and supplemental materials