偏振耀变体 X 射线暗示激波中的粒子加速
高能天体物理现象
2023-09-06 v2
摘要
耀变体（喷流几乎沿视线方向的磁化等离子体活动星系核）的大部分光由高能粒子产生，能量高达 TeV。尽管已知喷流最终由超大质量黑洞提供动力，但粒子如何被加速到如此高能量一直是一个未解之谜。该过程必然与磁场相关，而磁场可通过观测喷流光的偏振来探测。射电到光学波段的偏振测量——迄今为止唯一可用的范围——探测的是喷流中包含早在数天至数年前就已离开加速区域的粒子的延展区域（Jorstad 等，2005；Marin 等，2018；Blinov 等，2021），因此不像 X 射线测量那样直接探索加速机制。在此我们报道从耀变体 Markarian~501 (Mrk~501) 探测到 X 射线偏振。我们测得 X 射线线偏振度 ，约为光学波段值的 倍，且偏振角平行于射电喷流。这表明激波前沿是粒子加速的源，也意味着等离子体随距激波距离增加而变得越来越湍流。
引用
@article{arxiv.2209.06227,
title = {Polarized Blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks},
author = {Ioannis Liodakis and Alan P. Marscher and Iván Agudo and Andrei V. Berdyugin and Maria I. Bernardos and Giacomo Bonnoli and George A. Borman and Carolina Casadio and Víctor Casanova and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and Nicole Rodriguez Cavero and Laura Di Gesu and Niccoló Di Lalla and Immacolata Donnarumma and Steven R. Ehlert and Manel Errando and Juan Escudero and Maya García-Comas and Beatriz Agís-González and César Husillos and Jenni Jormanainen and Svetlana G. Jorstad and Masato Kagitani and Evgenia N. Kopatskaya and Vadim Kravtsov and Henric Krawczynski and Elina Lindfors and Elena G. Larionova and Grzegorz M. Madejski and Frédéric Marin and Alessandro Marchini and Herman L. Marshall and Daria A. Morozova and Francesco Massaro and Joseph R. Masiero and Dimitri Mawet and Riccardo Middei and Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer and Ioannis Myserlis and Michela Negro and Kari Nilsson and Stephen L. O'Dell and Nicola Omodei and Luigi Pacciani and Alessandro Paggi and Georgia V. Panopoulou and Abel L. Peirson and Matteo Perri and Pierre-Olivier Petrucci and Juri Poutanen and Simonetta Puccetti and Roger W. Romani and Takeshi Sakanoi and Sergey S. Savchenko and Alfredo Sota and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Samaporn Tinyanont and Andrey A. Vasilyev and Zachary R. Weaver and Alexey V. Zhovtan and Lucio A. Antonelli and Matteo Bachetti and Luca Baldini and Wayne H. Baumgartner and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stefano Bianchi and Stephen D. Bongiorno and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccoló Bucciantini and Fiamma Capitanio and Simone Castellano and Stefano Ciprini and Enrico Costa and Alessandra De Rosa and Ettore Del Monte and Alessandro Di Marco and Victor Doroshenko and Michal Dovčiak and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Sergio Fabiani and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Javier A. Garcia and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Vladimir Karas and Takao Kitaguchi and Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak and Fabio La Monaca and Luca Latronico and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Andrea Marinucci and Giorgio Matt and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Fabio Muleri and Stephen C. -Y. Ng and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and George G. Pavlov and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Brian D. Ramsey and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Carmelo Sgró and Patrick Slane and Paolo Soffitta and Gloria Spandre and Toru Tamagawa and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Allyn F. Tennant and Nicolas E. Thomas and Francesco Tombesi and Alessio Trois and Sergey Tsygankov and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Martin C. Weisskopf and Kinwah Wu and Fei Xie and Silvia Zane},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.06227},
year = {2023}
}
备注
34 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables