能量前沿的长寿命粒子：MATHUSLA 的物理依据
摘要
我们在对标准模型(SM)扩展的全面调研中考察了 LHC 上长寿命粒子(LLP)信号的理论动机。LLP 是广泛解决自然性、暗物质、重子生成和中微子质量等未解基本之谜的理论的共同预言，并代表了超越 SM (BSM) 物理的一种自然且普遍的可能性。在大多数情况下，LLP 寿命可视为从 m 尺度到原初核合成极限 m 的自由参数。寿命高于 100m 的中性 LLP 尤其难以探测，因为 LHC 主探测器的灵敏度受限于具有挑战性的本底、触发和小接收度。MATHUSLA 是一个靠近 ATLAS 或 CMS 的极简仪器化大体积地表探测器的提案。它将在低本底环境中通过重建位移顶点(DV)来搜寻 HL-LHC 碰撞产生的中性 LLP，在长寿命区间内将主探测器的灵敏度扩展数个量级。在本白皮书里，我们研究了 HL-LHC 上类 MATHUSLA 探测器所提供的 LLP 物理机会。我们发展了一种与模型无关的方法来描述 MATHUSLA 对 BSM LLP 信号的灵敏度，并将其与 ATLAS 或 CMS 上的 DV 和缺失能量搜寻进行比较。随后我们相当详细地探讨了 LLP 的 BSM 动机，给出了大量新的灵敏度研究。尽管我们的讨论特别面向 MATHUSLA 的长寿命区间，本调研总体上强调了 LHC 上多样化 LLP 搜寻计划的重要性。通过将这些结果综合为对 LLP 搜寻的自顶向下和自底向上动机的一般性讨论，我们旨在展示建设 MATHUSLA 探测器的物理依据具有非凡的强度和广度。
引用
@article{arxiv.1806.07396,
title = {Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case},
author = {David Curtin and Marco Drewes and Matthew McCullough and Patrick Meade and Rabindra N. Mohapatra and Jessie Shelton and Brian Shuve and Elena Accomando and Cristiano Alpigiani and Stefan Antusch and Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez and Brian Batell and Martin Bauer and Nikita Blinov and Karen Salomé Caballero-Mora and Jae Hyeok Chang and Eung Jin Chun and Raymond T. Co and Timothy Cohen and Peter Cox and Nathaniel Craig and Csaba Csáki and Yanou Cui and Francesco D'Eramo and Luigi Delle Rose and P. S. Bhupal Dev and Keith R. Dienes and Jeff A. Dror and Rouven Essig and Jared A. Evans and Jason L. Evans and Arturo Fernández Tellez and Oliver Fischer and Thomas Flacke and Anthony Fradette and Claudia Frugiuele and Elina Fuchs and Tony Gherghetta and Gian F. Giudice and Dmitry Gorbunov and Rick S. Gupta and Claudia Hagedorn and Lawrence J. Hall and Philip Harris and Juan Carlos Helo and Martin Hirsch and Yonit Hochberg and Anson Hook and Alejandro Ibarra and Seyda Ipek and Sunghoon Jung and Simon Knapen and Eric Kuflik and Zhen Liu and Salvator Lombardo and H. J. Lubatti and David McKeen and Emiliano Molinaro and Stefano Moretti and Natsumi Nagata and Matthias Neubert and Jose Miguel No and Emmanuel Olaiya and Gilad Perez and Michael E. Peskin and David Pinner and Maxim Pospelov and Matthew Reece and Dean J. Robinson and Mario Rodríguez Cahuantzi and Rinaldo Santonico and Matthias Schlaffer and Claire H. Shepherd-Themistocleous and Andrew Spray and Daniel Stolarski and Martin A. Subieta Vasquez and Raman Sundrum and Andrea Thamm and Brooks Thomas and Yuhsin Tsai and Brock Tweedie and Stephen M. West and Charles Young and Felix Yu and Bryan Zaldivar and Yongchao Zhang and Kathryn Zurek and José Zurita},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.07396},
year = {2020}
}
备注
213 pages, 73 figures. Extended Section 2 to add more detailed discussion of LLP reconstruction and analysis, and background rejection. Updated comparison of MATHUSLA RH neutrino sensitivity to other experiments. Updated analysis of long-lived ALPs produced in weak-scale processes and decaying to jets. Various clarifications, fixed typos, and added references. Results and conclusions unchanged