非正交密度矩阵的可区分性并不蕴含对第二定律的违背
量子物理
2007-05-23 v4
摘要
区分由非正交密度矩阵所描述的制备过程的假想可能性并不一定意味着对热力学第二定律的违背，而 von Neumann 却持相反观点。另一方面，这种可能性无疑意味着所采用的特定密度矩阵空间（及相关的 Hilbert 空间）不足以描述假想的新实验事实。通过厘清物理制备过程与表征它们的密度矩阵之间的区别，并比较 Peres 给出的“量子”热力学分析与 Jaynes 给出的“经典”热力学分析，表明了上述观点。
引用
@article{arxiv.quant-ph/0408193,
title = {Distinguishability of non-orthogonal density matrices does not imply violations of the second law},
author = {Piero G. L. Mana},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:quant-ph/0408193},
year = {2007}
}
备注
LaTeX2e, RevTeX4, 10 pages, 6 figures. V2: small changes, additional references, and additional note on the issue of the "reduced dynamics" of "open quantum systems initially entangled with the environment". V3: additional changes and references. V4: amply extended introduction with discussion of "quantum" ideal gases and semi-permeable membranes