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Computer-use agents (CUAs) rely on visual observations of graphical user interfaces, where each screenshot is encoded into a large number of visual tokens. As interaction trajectories grow, the token cost increases rapidly, limiting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Amirhossein Abaskohi , Yuhang He , Peter West , Giuseppe Carenini , Pranit Chawla , Vibhav Vineet

We present CAIA, a benchmark exposing a critical blind spot in AI evaluation: the inability of state-of-the-art models to operate in adversarial, high-stakes environments where misinformation is weaponized and errors are irreversible. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zeshi Dai , Zimo Peng , Zerui Cheng , Ryan Yihe Li

Interactive agent benchmarks face a tension between scalable construction and realistic workflow evaluation. Hand-authored tasks are expensive to extend and revise, while static prompt evaluation misses failures that only appear when agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuxiang Lai , Peng Xia , Haonian Ji , Kaiwen Xiong , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Fang Wu , Jike Zhong , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao

Computer use agents (CUA) are systems that automatically interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete tasks. CUA have made significant progress with the advent of large vision-language models (VLMs). However, these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Man Luo , David Cobbley , Xin Su , Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Shao-Yen Tseng , Phillip Howard

Computer-use agents (CUAs) hold promise for automating everyday digital tasks, but their performance on long-horizon, complex problems remains unreliable. Single-rollout execution is brittle, with small errors compounding over time and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Vincent Tu , Chih-Lun Lee , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu

With the deep integration of artificial intelligence and interactive technology, Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agent, as the carrier connecting goal-oriented natural language and real-world devices, has received widespread attention from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Leyang Yang , Ziwei Wang , Xiaoxuan Tang , Sheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

LLM-powered computer-use agents (CUAs) are shifting users from direct manipulation to supervisory coordination. Existing oversight mechanisms, however, have largely been studied as isolated interface features, making broader oversight…

Static benchmarks measure what AI agents can do at a fixed point in time but not how they are adopted, maintained, or experienced in deployment. We introduce AgentPulse, a continuous evaluation framework scoring 50 agents across 10 workload…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Gao , Megan Wang , Yi Ling Yu

Computer-use agents (CUAs) that interact with real computer systems can perform automated tasks but face critical safety risks. Ambiguous instructions may trigger harmful actions, and adversarial users can manipulate tool execution to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Tianyu Chen , Chujia Hu , Ge Gao , Dongrui Liu , Xia Hu , Wenjie Wang

Operating LLMs as coordinated multi-agent research systems over multi-hour runs surfaces failure modes that single-shot evaluation cannot: upstream providers throttle without warning, sub-agents drift the task to fit accessible tools,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sasank Annapureddy

Benchmarks are essential for quantitatively tracking progress in AI. As AI agents become increasingly capable, researchers and practitioners have introduced agentic benchmarks to evaluate agents on complex, real-world tasks. These…

Long-horizon, repetitive workflows are common in professional settings, such as processing expense reports from receipts and entering student grades from exam papers. These tasks are often tedious for humans since they can extend to extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jing Wu , Daphne Barretto , Yiye Chen , Nicholas Gydé , Yanan Jian , Yuhang He , Vibhav Vineet

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents adopt an end-to-end paradigm that maps a screenshot to an action sequence, thereby automating repetitive tasks in virtual environments. However, existing GUI agents are evaluated almost exclusively on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Chunyi Li , Longfei Li , Zicheng Zhang , Xiaohong Liu , Min Tang , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai

Leaderboard scores on public benchmarks have been steadily rising and converging, with many frontier language models now separated by only marginal differences. However, these scores often fail to match users' day to day experience, because…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yiliang Song , Hongjun An , Jiangong Xiao , Haofei Zhao , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Computer-Use Agents (CUAs) leverage large language models to execute GUI operations on desktop environments, yet they generate actions without evaluating action quality, leading to irreversible errors that cascade through subsequent steps.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Rongqian Chen , Yu Li , Zeyu Fang , Sizhe Tang , Weidong Cao , Tian Lan

Recent advances in frontier large language models have enabled code review agents that operate in open-ended, reasoning-intensive settings. However, the lack of standardized benchmarks and granular evaluation protocols makes it difficult to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kristen Pereira , Neelabh Sinha , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) operate interfaces by pointing, clicking, and typing -- mirroring interactions of sighted users (SUs) who can thus monitor CUAs and share control. CUAs do not reflect interactions by blind and low-vision users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ananya Gubbi Mohanbabu , Rosiana Natalie , Brandon Kim , Anhong Guo , Amy Pavel

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable potential to act as computer agents, enhancing human productivity and software accessibility in multi-modal tasks that require planning and reasoning. However, measuring agent performance in…

With AI agents increasingly deployed as long-running systems, it becomes essential to autonomously construct and continuously evolve customized software to enable interaction within dynamic environments. Yet, existing benchmarks evaluate…