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As LLM-based computer-use agents (CUAs) begin to autonomously interact with real-world interfaces, understanding their vulnerability to manipulative interface designs becomes increasingly critical. We introduce SusBench, an online benchmark…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Longjie Guo , Chenjie Yuan , Mingyuan Zhong , Robert Wolfe , Ruican Zhong , Yue Xu , Bingbing Wen , Hua Shen , Lucy Lu Wang , Alexis Hiniker

As autonomous AI agents are increasingly deployed in high-stakes environments, ensuring their safety and alignment with human values is becoming a practical deployment concern. Current benchmarks for AI agents primarily evaluate refusal of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Martin Weiss , Pulei Xiong , Khalil Al-Hussaeni , Claude Fachkha

Among existing online mobile-use benchmarks, AndroidWorld has emerged as the dominant benchmark due to its reproducible environment and deterministic evaluation; however, recent agents achieving over 90% success rates indicate its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Quyu Kong , Xu Zhang , Zhenyu Yang , Nolan Gao , Chen Liu , Panrong Tong , Chenglin Cai , Hanzhang Zhou , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Zhidan Liu , Steven Hoi , Yue Wang

Building reliable computer-use agents requires grounding: accurately connecting natural language instructions to the correct on-screen elements. While large datasets exist for web and mobile interactions, high-quality resources for desktop…

Computer-use agents (CUAs) have made tremendous progress in the past year, yet they still frequently produce misaligned actions that deviate from the user's original intent. Such misaligned actions may arise from external attacks (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuting Ning , Jaylen Jones , Zhehao Zhang , Chentao Ye , Weitong Ruan , Junyi Li , Rahul Gupta , Huan Sun

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show strong capabilities for automating web tasks, but existing interactive benchmarks primarily target benign, predictable consumer environments. Their effectiveness in high-stakes, investigative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renqi Chen , Zeyin Tao , Jianming Guo , Jing Wang , Zezhou Xu , Jingzhe Zhu , Qingqing Sun , Tianyi Zhang , Shuai Chen

Recent advances in AI-assisted programming have empowered agents to execute complex workflows via command-line interfaces, however, existing benchmarks are limited by short task horizons, data contamination from GitHub scraping, and a lack…

Foundation model (FM)-based AI agents are rapidly gaining adoption across diverse domains, but their inherent non-determinism and non-reproducibility pose testing and quality assurance challenges. While recent benchmarks provide task-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Mohammed Mehedi Hasan , Hao Li , Emad Fallahzadeh , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Bram Adams , Ahmed E. Hassan

Computer-use agents have rapidly improved on real-world tasks such as web navigation, desktop automation, and software interaction, in some cases surpassing human performance. Yet even when the task and model are unchanged, an agent that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Saaket Agashe , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

Computer Using Agents (CUAs) are increasingly equipped with external tools, enabling them to perform complex and realistic tasks. For CUAs to operate effectively, application selection, which refers to deciding which application to use…

Real-world digital environments are highly diverse and dynamic. These characteristics cause agents to frequently encounter unseen environments and distribution shifts, making continual learning in such environments essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianci Xue , Zeyi Liao , Tianneng Shi , Zilu Wang , Kai Zhang , Dawn Song , Yu Su , Huan Sun

Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jaylen Jones , Zhehao Zhang , Yuting Ning , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Pierre-Luc St-Charles , Yoshua Bengio , Dawn Song , Yu Su , Huan Sun

Traditional software relies on contracts -- APIs, type systems, assertions -- to specify and enforce correct behavior. AI agents, by contrast, operate on prompts and natural language instructions with no formal behavioral specification.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Varun Pratap Bhardwaj

Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of mobile GUI agents powered by large language models (LLMs), which can autonomously execute diverse device-control tasks based on natural language instructions. The increasing accuracy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Guohong Liu , Jialei Ye , Jiacheng Liu , Yuanchun Li , Wei Liu , Pengzhi Gao , Jian Luan , Yunxin Liu

Front-end web code has become a core product surface for every frontier LLM release, yet evaluating these interactive applications at development speed remains costly because human-judged leaderboards like Arena do not scale. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haoyue Yang , Zhangxiao Shen , Fan Ding , Hangting Lou , Yifeng Kou , Haoqing Yu , Jingyao Li , Zhengfan Wu , Siqi Bao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shifted mobile computing from App-centric interactions to system-level autonomous agents. Current implementations predominantly rely on a "Screen-as-Interface" paradigm, which inherits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhenhua Zou , Sheng Guo , Qiuyang Zhan , Lepeng Zhao , Shuo Li , Qi Li , Ke Xu , Mingwei Xu , Zhuotao Liu

Computer-use agents (CUAs) hold the promise of performing a wide variety of general tasks, but current evaluations have primarily focused on simple scenarios. It therefore remains unclear whether such generalist agents can automate more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Pranjal Aggarwal , Sean Welleck

Autonomous agents must know how to explore user interfaces (UIs) for reliable task solving, yet systematic evaluation of this crucial phase is lacking. We introduce UIExplore-Bench, the first benchmark explicitly dedicated to UI…

Generative AI is being leveraged to solve a variety of computer-use tasks involving desktop applications. State-of-the-art systems have focused solely on improving accuracy on leading benchmarks. However, these systems are practically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Reyna Abhyankar , Qi Qi , Yiying Zhang

Block-based programming environments such as Scratch play a central role in low-code education, yet evaluating the capabilities of AI agents to construct programs through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) remains underexplored. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xingyi Zhang , Yulei Ye , Kaifeng Huang , Wenhao Li , Xiangfeng Wang