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We study the evolutionary robustness of strategies in infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma games in which players make mistakes with a small probability and are patient. The evolutionary process we consider is given by the replicator…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-08-03 Pedro Dal Bó , Enrique R. Pujals

We point out that $\Lambda$CDM cosmology has an ignored assumption. That is, the $\Lambda$ component of the universe moves synchronously with ordinary matters on Hubble scales. If cosmological constant is vacuum energy, this assumption may…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Ding-fang Zeng , Yi-hong Gao

The emergence of multi-agent systems built from large language models (LLMs) offers a promising paradigm for scalable collective intelligence and self-evolution. Ideally, such systems would achieve continuous self-improvement in a fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chenxu Wang , Chaozhuo Li , Songyang Liu , Zejian Chen , Jinyu Hou , Ji Qi , Rui Li , Litian Zhang , Qiwei Ye , Zheng Liu , Xu Chen , Xi Zhang , Philip S. Yu

We present a theory of cultural evolution based upon a renormalization group scheme. We consider rational but cognitively limited agents who optimize their decision making process by iteratively updating and refining the mental…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-10 Gabor Fath , Miklos Sarvary

To understand cognitive reasoning in the brain, it has been proposed that symbols and compositions of symbols are represented by activity patterns (vectors) in a large population of neurons. Formal models implementing this idea [Plate…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-06 E. Paxon Frady , Denis Kleyko , Friedrich T. Sommer

By late 20th century, the rationality wars had launched debates about the nature and norms of intuitive and reflective thinking. Those debates drew from mid-20th century ideas such as bounded rationality, which challenged more idealized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nick Byrd

Whether our universe with present day acceleration can eventually collapse is very interesting problem. We are also interesting in such problems, whether the universe is closed? Why it is so flat? How long to expend a period for a cycle of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 De-Hai Zhang

Containing the spreading of crime is a major challenge for society. Yet, since thousands of years, no effective strategy has been found to overcome crime. To the contrary, empirical evidence shows that crime is recurrent, a fact that is not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-09-02 Matjaz Perc , Karsten Donnay , Dirk Helbing

Why do organizations comprised of intelligent individuals converge on collective delusion? This paper introduces dysmemic pressure as a formal mechanism explaining organizational epistemic failure. Synthesizing strategic communication…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-18 Jeremy McEntire

As artificial agents become increasingly capable, what internal structure is *necessary* for an agent to act competently under uncertainty? Classical results show that optimal control can be *implemented* using belief states or world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Aran Nayebi

We revisit our 2013 claim [arXiv:1303.7476] that the Universe is the result of a conspiratorial plot, and find that it cannot be trusted, because even the belief in this conspiracy likely results from a conspiracy. On the basis of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Jörg P. Rachen , Ute G. Gahlings

The discovery of accelerated cosmic expansion implies that, in addition to the attractive gravity of matter, there exists in our universe some other form of energy (dark energy or cosmological constant) producing a repulsive force. The…

General Physics · Physics 2013-03-26 Ti-Pei Li

A critical failure mode of current lifelong agents is not lack of knowledge, but the inability to decide how to reason. When an agent encounters "Is this coin fair?" it must recognize whether to invoke frequentist hypothesis testing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhaohui Geoffrey Wang

How should future neural reasoning systems implement extended computation? Recursive Reasoning Models (RRMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive sequence extension by performing iterative latent-state refinement with shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junyeob Baek , Mingyu Jo , Minsu Kim , Mengye Ren , Yoshua Bengio , Sungjin Ahn

Recomi (REpeated COrrelation Matrix Inversion) is a polynomially fast algorithm for searching optimally stable solutions of the perceptron learning problem. For random unbiased and biased patterns it is shown that the algorithm is able to…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Jorg Imhoff

It has been suggested that the cosmic history might repeat in cycles, with an infinite series of similar aeons in the past and the future. Here, we instead propose that the cosmic history repeats itself exactly, constructing a universe on a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-18 Elizabeth Gould , Niayesh Afshordi

We use ideas from distributed computing to study dynamic environments in which computational nodes, or decision makers, follow adaptive heuristics (Hart 2005), i.e., simple and unsophisticated rules of behavior, e.g., repeatedly "best…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2010-10-13 Aaron D. Jaggard , Michael Schapira , Rebecca N. Wright

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been demonstrating strong reasoning capability with their chain-of-thoughts (CoT), which are routinely used by humans to judge answer quality. This reliance creates a powerful yet fragile basis for trust.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Shen , Han Wang , Haoyu Li , Huan Zhang

Cooperation is a difficult proposition in the face of Darwinian selection. Those that defect have an evolutionary advantage over cooperators who should therefore die out. However, spatial structure enables cooperators to survive through the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-02 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Quantum theory, general relativity, the standard model of particle physics, and the $\Lambda$CDM model of cosmology have all been spectacularly successful within their respective regimes of applicability, but many central problems remain…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Roland E. Allen