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The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has led to expectations of transformative impact on science, yet current systems remain fundamentally limited in enabling genuine scientific discovery. This perspective contends that progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Karthik Duraisamy

Most research on adaptive decision-making takes a strategy-first approach, proposing a method of solving a problem and then examining whether it can be implemented in the brain and in what environments it succeeds. We present a method for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Peter Kvam , Joseph Cesario , Jory Schossau , Heather Eisthen , Arend Hintze

This philosophical paper explores the relation between modern scientific simulations and the future of the universe. We argue that a simulation of an entire universe will result from future scientific activity. This requires us to tackle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-12-02 Clement Vidal

A generic property of biological, social and economical networks is their ability to evolve in time, creating and suppressing interactions. We approach this issue within the framework of an adaptive network of agents playing a Prisoner's…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-10-20 Martin G. Zimmermann , Victor M. Eguiluz , Maxi San Miguel

We present a simplified description of expansionistic life in the standard relativistic cosmology. The resulting model is exactly integrable, yielding a simple set of predictive formulas. This allows one to quickly propose new scenarios for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-17 S. Jay Olson

Using simulations between pairs of $\epsilon$-greedy q-learners with one-period memory, this article demonstrates that the potential function of the stochastic replicator dynamics (Foster and Young, 1990) allows it to predict the emergence…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-02-23 Maximilian Schaefer

We integrate dual-process theories of human cognition with evolutionary game theory to study the evolution of automatic and controlled decision-making processes. We introduce a model where agents who make decisions using either automatic or…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Danielle F. P. Toupo , Steven H. Strogatz , Jonathan D. Cohen , David G. Rand

This paper introduces the Theory of the Unique Latent Pattern (ULP), a formal epistemic framework that redefines the origin of apparent complexity in dynamic systems. Rather than attributing unpredictability to intrinsic randomness or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mohamed Aly Bouke

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) employ reasoning to address complex tasks. Such explicit reasoning requires extended context lengths, resulting in substantially higher resource consumption. Prior work has shown that adversarially crafted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziwei Wang , Yuanhe Zhang , Jing Chen , Zhenhong Zhou , Ruichao Liang , Ruiying Du , Ju Jia , Cong Wu , Yang Liu

As we learn more about the frequency and size distribution of exoplanets, we are discovering that terrestrial planets are exceedingly common. The distribution of orbital periods in turn results in many of these planets being the occupants…

Popular Physics · Physics 2014-04-30 Stephen R. Kane , Franck Selsis

Modern foundational models increasingly reflect not just world knowledge, but patterns of human preference embedded in their training data. We hypothesize that recursive alignment-via human feedback and model-generated corpora-induces a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Riccardo Cadei , Christian Internò

Cooperative dynamics are central to our understanding of many phenomena in living and complex systems. However, we lack a universal mechanism to explain the emergence of cooperation. We present a novel framework for modelling social dilemma…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-27 Jay Armas , Wout Merbis , Janusz Meylahn , Soroush Rafiee Rad , Mauricio J. del Razo

Recent computational experiments have demonstrated the spontaneous emergence of self-replicating programs across universal automata, artificial chemistries, and self-modifying code systems. Remarkably, these results arise without explicit…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aritra Sarkar

A new speculative model for the expansion of our universe has been under development by the author for the last two decades, which correctly predicts astronomical measurements with no dark matter or dark energy. This new closed model (no…

General Physics · Physics 2010-02-16 Charles B. Leffert

A generative recurrent neural network is quickly trained in an unsupervised manner to model popular reinforcement learning environments through compressed spatio-temporal representations. The world model's extracted features are fed into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-07 David Ha , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Reputation is a central element of social communications, be it with human or artificial intelligence (AI), and as such can be the primary target of malicious communication strategies. There is already a vast amount of literature on trust…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-18 Torsten Enßlin , Viktoria Kainz , Céline Bœhm

Current bioacoustic AI systems achieve impressive cross-species performance by processing animal communication through transformer architectures, foundation model paradigms, and other computational approaches. However, these approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Graham L. Bishop

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu

Latent reasoning via continuous chain-of-thoughts (Latent CoT) has emerged as a promising alternative to discrete CoT reasoning. Operating in continuous space increases expressivity and has been hypothesized to enable superposition: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Michael Rizvi-Martel , Guillaume Rabusseau , Marius Mosbach

Existing research on generative AI security is primarily driven by mutually reinforcing attack and defense methodologies grounded in empirical experience. This dynamic frequently gives rise to previously unknown attacks that can circumvent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Sicheng Pan , Zhuoyu Sun , Yifei Liu , Yuhong Nie , Bo Ran , Baohan Huang , Xufeng Zhang , Haibin Zhang , Cong Zuo , Licheng Wang
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