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The bisection of trapezoids by transversal lines has many examples in Babylonian mathematics. In this article, we study a similar problem in Elamite mathematics, inscribed on a clay tablet held in the collection of the Louvre Museum and…
Oracle bone inscriptions(OBI) is the earliest developed writing system in China, bearing invaluable written exemplifications of early Shang history and paleography. However, the task of deciphering OBI, in the current climate of the…
Summer 2015 marked the 100th anniversary of the excavation by J.W. Fewkes of the Sun Temple in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, an ancient complex prominently located atop a mesa, constructed by the ancestral Pueblo peoples approximately…
Vishaps -- dragon stones -- discovered in the Armenian Highlands convey a remarkable message about the spiritual and social character of their epoch, c. 4000 BC. The unexpected bimodal distribution of their elevations indicates the…
We present a strong solution of the board game pentago, computed using exhaustive parallel retrograde analysis in 4 hours on 98304 ($3 \times 2^{15}$) threads of NERSC's Cray Edison. At $3.0 \times 10^{15}$ states, pentago is the largest…
The application of phylogenetic techniques to the documentation of cultural history can present a distorted picture due to horizontal transmission and blending. Moreover, the units of cultural transmission must be communicable concepts,…
A method based on mapping a symbolic sequence into a set of patterns (strings resulting from the sequence parsing) is proposed as a tool for the reconstruction of ancestral sequences. The set union of patterns comprises all the patterns…
Background: In the marine environment, where there are few absolute physical barriers, contemporary contact between previously isolated species can occur across great distances, and in some cases, may be inter-oceanic. [..] in the minke…
The various types of retinal neurons are each positioned at their respective depths within the retina where they are believed to be assembled as orderly mosaics, in which like-type neurons minimize proximity to one another. Two common…
Ancient manuscripts are the primary source of ancient linguistic corpora. However, many ancient manuscripts exhibit duplications due to unintentional repeated publication or deliberate forgery. The Dead Sea Scrolls, for example, include…
The arrival of Modern Humans (MHs) in Europe between 50 ka and 36 ka coincides with significant changes in human behaviour, regarding the production of tools, the exploitation of resources and the systematic use of ornaments and colouring…
The study of the mathematics and geometry of ancient civilizations is a task which seems to be very difficult or even impossible to fulfil, if few written documents, or none at all, had survived from the past. However, besides the direct…
An overview of the mathematical structure of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model is given, from the viewpoints of topologic, algebraic and geometric aspects. By analyzing the relations among transfer matrices of the 3D Ising model,…
New Zealand legislation requires that Regional Councils set limits for water resource usage to manage the effects of abstractions in over-allocated catchments. We propose a simple stacked ensemble machine learning model to predict the…
Clustering coins with respect to their die is an important component of numismatic research and crucial for understanding the economic history of tribes (especially when literary production does not exist, in celtic culture). It is a very…
We address the problem of identifying individual cetaceans from images showing the trailing edge of their fins. Given the trailing edge from an unknown individual, we produce a ranking of known individuals from a database. The nicks and…
Cuneiform tablets, emerging in ancient Mesopotamia around the late fourth millennium BCE, represent one of humanity's earliest writing systems. Characterized by wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, these artifacts provided insight into…
It is still an open question how the Solar system is structured beyond 100 au from the Sun. Our understanding of this vast region remains very limited and only recently we have become aware of the existence there of a group of enigmatic…
Detecting and quantifying bone changes in micro-CT scans of rodents is a common task in preclinical drug development studies. However, this task is manual, time-consuming and subject to inter- and intra-observer variability. In 2024,…
The expanded Aztec diamond is a generalized version of the Aztec diamond, with an arbitrary number of long columns and long rows in the middle. In this paper, we count the number of domino tilings of the expanded Aztec diamond. The exact…