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The longitudes of perihelia and orbital poles of the solar system's dozen or so most remote detected objects are clustered in a manner inconsistent with that of a random sample of uniformly distributed orbits. While small number statistics…
On signed social networks, balanced and unbalanced triangles are a critical motif due to their role as the foundations of Structural Balance Theory. The uses for these motifs have been extensively explored in networks with known edge signs,…
Existing linguistic steganography schemes often overlook the conditional probability (CP) of tokens in the candidate pool, allocating the one coding to all tokens, which results in identical selection likelihoods. This approach leads to the…
With its remarkable double-S shape, IC 4634 is an archetype of point-symmetric planetary nebulae (PN). In this paper, we present a detailed study of this PN using archival HST WFPC2 and ground-based narrow-band images to investigate its…
Nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen has been used to reconstruct the breastfeeding practices of archaeological human populations. However, weaning ages have been estimated subjectively because of a lack of both information on…
Using a combinatorial method, the partition functions for two-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising models have been derived for a square lattice of 16 sites in the presence of the magnetic field. A novel hierarchical method of enumeration of…
We adress the problem of dueling bandits defined on partially ordered sets, or posets. In this setting, arms may not be comparable, and there may be several (incomparable) optimal arms. We propose an algorithm, UnchainedBandits, that…
Classical and new numerical schemes are generated using evolutionary computing. Differential Evolution is used to find the coefficients of finite difference approximations of function derivatives, and of single and multi-step integration…
We approximate a 2D Ising spin glass by tiling an infinite square lattice with large identical unit cells. The interactions within the unit cell are random. Each such sample shows one or more critical points. We examine the scaling of the…
The identification of repeating patterns in discrete grids is rudimentary within symbolic reasoning, algorithm synthesis and structural optimization across diverse computational domains. Although statistical approaches targeting noisy data…
Bamboo slips are a crucial medium for recording ancient civilizations in East Asia, and offers invaluable archaeological insights for reconstructing the Silk Road, studying material culture exchanges, and global history. However, many…
The ever-increasing number of genome sequencing and resequencing projects is a central source of insights into the ecology and evolution of non-model organisms. An important aspect of genomics is the elucidation of sex determination systems…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic climate change relies on historical instrumental data, yet observations from the early 20th century are sparse, fragmented, and uncertain. Conventional reconstructions rely on disparate statistical…
The statistical mechanics of particles with shapes on a one-dimensional lattice is investigated in the context of the $s=1$ Ising chain with uniform nearest-neighbor coupling, quadratic single-site potential, and magnetic field, which…
Tree balance plays an important role in different research areas like theoretical computer science and mathematical phylogenetics. For example, it has long been known that under the Yule model, a pure birth process, imbalanced trees are…
The inference of phylogenetic networks, which model complex evolutionary processes including hybridization and gene flow, remains a central challenge in evolutionary biology. Until now, statistically consistent inference methods have been…
Numerical preprocessing remains an important component of tabular deep learning, where the representation of continuous features can strongly affect downstream performance. Although its importance is well established for classical…
We propose a survey of the literature about archaeological and geophysical researches and on the paleoclimatology of the basin of Titicaca Lake, in connection with the agricultural system of the raised fields. Here again we discuss the use…
Within the field of phylogenetics there is growing interest in measures for summarising the dissimilarity, or 'incongruence', of two or more phylogenetic trees. Many of these measures are NP-hard to compute and this has stimulated a…
This is a Response to a recent Comment [F.Y. Wu et al., Phil. Mag. 88, 3093 (2008), arXiv:0811.3876] on the conjectured solution of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model [Z.D. Zhang, Phil. Mag. 87, 5309 (2007), arXiv:0705.1045]. Several…