Related papers: The Ishango Bone: Evidence for Intentional Arithme…
Many fundamental questions concerning the emergence and subsequent evolution of eukaryotic exon-intron organization are still unsettled. Genome-scale comparative studies, which can shed light on crucial aspects of eukaryotic evolution,…
We present a scoping review of published literature on ethnomathematics and Indigenous mathematics as a step towards a goal to decolonize the prevailing Eurocentric view of the provenance of mathematics. Mathematical practices were…
On the base of advantages in gene geography and anthropophenetics the phenogeographical method for anthropological research is initiated and experienced using dental data. Statistical and cartographical analyses are provided for 498 living…
Applying artificial intelligence to scientific problems (namely AI for science) is currently under hot debate. However, the scientific problems differ much from the conventional ones with images, texts, and etc., where new challenges…
Recent improvements in high-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies have afforded the collection of massive, genome-wide datasets of DNA information from hundreds of thousands of individuals. These datasets, in turn, provide…
In the present work, 16 genetic code doublets and their cognate amino acids in the genetic code are fitted into a polyhedron model. Based on the structural regularity in nucleobases, and by using a series of common-sense topological…
Network science provides very powerful tools for extracting information from interacting data. Although recently the unsupervised detection of phases of matter using machine learning has raised significant interest, the full prediction…
The original motivation for this paper goes back to the mid-1990's, when James Propp was interested in natural situations when the number of domino tilings of a region increases if some of its unit squares are deleted. Guided in part by the…
I discuss various aspects of archeoastronomy concentrating on physical artifacts (i.e., not including ethno-archeoastronomy) focusing on the period that ended about 2000 years ago. I present examples of artifacts interpreted as showing the…
Phys and Math are two colleagues at the University of Sa{\c c}enbon (Crefan Kingdom), dialoguing about the remarkable efficiency of mathematics for physics. They talk about the notches on the Ishango bone, the various uses of psi in maths…
In this article we study domino snake problems on finitely generated groups. We provide general properties of these problems and introduce new tools for their study. The first is the use of symbolic dynamics to understand the set of all…
Multiple sequence alignment is a basic procedure in molecular biology, and it is often treated as being essentially a solved computational problem. However, this is not so, and here I review the evidence for this claim, and outline the…
The archaeological dating of bronze dings has played a critical role in the study of ancient Chinese history. Current archaeology depends on trained experts to carry out bronze dating, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. For such…
Classifications and phylogenetic inferences of organismal groups change in light of new insights. Over time these changes can result in an imperfect tracking of taxonomic perspectives through the re-/use of Code-compliant or informal names.…
Correct identification of the Bravais lattice of a crystal is an important step in structure solution. Niggli reduction is a commonly used technique. We investigate the boundary polytopes of the Niggli-reduced cone in the six-dimensional…
The reconstruction of interaction networks between random events is a critical problem arising from statistical physics and politics, sociology, biology, psychology, and beyond. The Ising model lays the foundation for this reconstruction…
Understanding humanity's earliest writing systems is crucial for reconstructing civilization's origins, yet many ancient scripts remain undeciphered. Oracle Bone Script (OBS) from China's Shang dynasty exemplifies this challenge: only…
Understanding the dynamics of genome rearrangements is a major issue of phylogenetics. Phylogenetics is the study of species evolution. A major goal of the field is to establish evolutionary relationships within groups of species, in order…
Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a key task in computational biology. It consists in inferring a molecular sequence at an ancestral species of a known phylogeny, given descendant sequences at the tip of the tree. In addition to its many…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are proficient in perception and instruction-following, but they still struggle with spatial reasoning: the ability to mentally track and manipulate objects across multiple views and over time.…