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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong generalization and reasoning abilities, making them well-suited for complex decision-making tasks such as medical consultation (MC). However, existing LLM-based methods often fail to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhihao Jia , Mingyi Jia , Junwen Duan , Jianxin Wang

Recent progress in Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is increasingly driven by the refinement of post-training loss functions and alignment strategies. However, standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigms like Group Relative Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kishan Panaganti , Zhenwen Liang , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Regret minimization methods are a powerful tool for learning approximate Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player zero-sum imperfect information extensive-form games (IIEGs). We consider the problem in the interactive bandit-feedback setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Linjian Meng , Yang Gao

We provide a novel reduction from swap-regret minimization to external-regret minimization, which improves upon the classical reductions of Blum-Mansour [BM07] and Stolz-Lugosi [SL05] in that it does not require finiteness of the space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuval Dagan , Constantinos Daskalakis , Maxwell Fishelson , Noah Golowich

In this work, we study potential games and Markov potential games under stochastic cost and bandit feedback. We propose a variant of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm with sufficient exploration and recursive gradient estimation, which provably…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jing Dong , Baoxiang Wang , Yaoliang Yu

We develop an algorithmic framework for solving convex optimization problems using no-regret game dynamics. By converting the problem of minimizing a convex function into an auxiliary problem of solving a min-max game in a sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jun-Kun Wang , Jacob Abernethy , Kfir Y. Levy

While Nash equilibrium in extensive-form games is well understood, very little is known about the properties of extensive-form correlated equilibrium (EFCE), both from a behavioral and from a computational point of view. In this setting,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Gabriele Farina , Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang , Tuomas Sandholm

Policy Space Response Oracles (PSRO) interleaves empirical game-theoretic analysis with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve games too complex for traditional analytic methods. Tree-exploiting PSRO (TE-PSRO) is a variant of this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Christine Konicki , Mithun Chakraborty , Michael P. Wellman

The congestion game is a powerful model that encompasses a range of engineering systems such as traffic networks and resource allocation. It describes the behavior of a group of agents who share a common set of $F$ facilities and take…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jing Dong , Jingyu Wu , Siwei Wang , Baoxiang Wang , Wei Chen

A long line of works characterizes the sample complexity of regret minimization in sequential decision-making by min-max programs. In the corresponding saddle-point game, the min-player optimizes the sampling distribution against an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Johannes Kirschner , Seyed Alireza Bakhtiari , Kushagra Chandak , Volodymyr Tkachuk , Csaba Szepesvári

Most of the literature on learning in games has focused on the restrictive setting where the underlying repeated game does not change over time. Much less is known about the convergence of no-regret learning algorithms in dynamic multiagent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ioannis Anagnostides , Ioannis Panageas , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

We study the problem of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with adaptivity constraints -- a new problem motivated by real-world applications where deployments of new policies are costly and the number of policy updates must be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Dan Qiao , Yu-Xiang Wang

We study the problem of computing an Extensive-Form Perfect Equilibrium (EFPE) in 2-player games. This equilibrium concept refines the Nash equilibrium requiring resilience w.r.t. a specific vanishing perturbation (representing mistakes of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) and its variants developed based upon Regret Matching (RM) have been considered to be the best method to solve incomplete information extensive form games. In addition to RM and CFR, Fictitious Play…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Qi Ju

We develop an operator algebraic framework for infinite games with a continuum of agents and prove that regret based learning dynamics governed by a noncommutative continuity equation converge to a unique quantal response equilibrium under…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Faruk Alpay , Hamdi Alakkad , Bugra Kilictas , Taylan Alpay

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has made substantial empirical progresses in solving games with a large number of players. However, theoretically, the best known sample complexity for finding a Nash equilibrium in general-sum games…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Ziang Song , Song Mei , Yu Bai

Empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) is a general framework for reasoning about complex games using agent-based simulation. Data from simulating select strategy profiles is employed to estimate a cogent and tractable game model…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Christine Konicki , Mithun Chakraborty , Michael P. Wellman

A celebrated connection in the interface of online learning and game theory establishes that players minimizing swap regret converge to correlated equilibria (CE) -- a seminal game-theoretic solution concept. Despite the long history of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ioannis Anagnostides , Alkis Kalavasis , Tuomas Sandholm

We present a simulation-based approach for solution of mean field games (MFGs), using the framework of empirical game-theoretical analysis (EGTA). Our primary method employs a version of the double oracle, iteratively adding strategies…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yongzhao Wang , Michael P. Wellman

The Policy-Space Response Oracles (PSRO) framework scales equilibrium computation to large zero-sum games by iteratively expanding a restricted strategy set using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). A central challenge is to construct, under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junyu Zhang , Feihong Yang , Jian Wang , Chao Wang , Xudong Zhang