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A predominated graph is a pair $(G,D)$, where $G$ is a graph and the vertices in $D\subseteq V(G)$ are considered already dominated. Maker-Breaker domination game critical (MBD critical) predominated graphs are introduced as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Csilla Bujtás , Pakanun Dokyeesun , Sandi Klavžar , Miloš Stojaković

A drawing of a graph is said to be a {\em straight-line drawing} if the vertices of $G$ are represented by distinct points in the plane and every edge is represented by a straight-line segment connecting the corresponding pair of vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-08 V S Padmini Mukkamala

We introduce a model involving two adversaries Buster and Fixer taking turns modifying a connected graph, where each round consists of Buster deleting a subset of edges and Fixer responding by adding edges from a finite reserve set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Daniel C. McDonald

Consider a vertex colouring game played on a simple graph with $k$ permissible colours. Two players, a maker and a breaker, take turns to colour an uncoloured vertex such that adjacent vertices receive different colours. The game ends once…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Dominique Andres , Edwin Lock

For a positive integer $n$ and a tree $T_n$ on $n$ vertices, we consider an unbiased Waiter-Client game $\textrm{WC}(n,T_n)$ played on the complete graph~$K_n$, in which Waiter's goal is to force Client to build a copy of $T_n$. We prove…

We study the Maker-Maker version of the domination game introduced in 2018 by Duch\^ene et al. Given a graph, two players alternately claim vertices. The first player to claim a dominating set of the graph wins. As the Maker-Breaker…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Eric Duchêne , Arthur Dumas , Nacim Oijid , Aline Parreau , Eric Rémila

We study the $b$-biased Oriented-cycle game where two players, OMaker and OBreaker, take turns directing the edges of $K_n$ (the complete graph on $n$ vertices). In each round, OMaker directs one previously undirected edge followed by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Anita Liebenau , Abdallah Saffidine , Jeffrey Yang

The $(m,n)$-online Ramsey game is a combinatorial game between two players, Builder and Painter. Starting from an infinite set of isolated vertices, Builder draws an edge on each turn and Painter immediately paints it red or blue. Builder's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-06 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Andrey Grinshpun , Xiaoyu He

Waiter-Client games are played on some hypergraph $(X,\mathcal{F})$, where $\mathcal{F}$ denotes the family of winning sets. For some bias $b$, during each round of such a game Waiter offers to Client $b+1$ elements of $X$, of which Client…

In this work, we investigate Maker-Breaker directed triangle games, a directionally constrained variant of the classical Maker-Breaker triangle game. Our board of interest is a tournament, and the winning sets are all $3$-cycles present in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Hrishikesh Jagtap , Moumanti Podder

We initiate the study of a new variant of the Maker-Breaker positional game, which we call multistage game. Given a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}=(\mathcal{X},\mathcal{F})$ and a bias $b \ge 1$, the $(1:b)$ multistage Maker-Breaker game on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Juri Barkey , Dennis Clemens , Fabian Hamann , Mirjana Mikalački , Amedeo Sgueglia

Consider the following two-player game on the edges of $K_n$, the complete graph with $n$ vertices: Starting with an empty graph $G$ on the vertex set of $K_n$, in each round the first player chooses $b \in \mathbb{N}$ edges from $K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Rajko Nenadov

In a strong game played on the edge set of a graph G there are two players, Red and Blue, alternating turns in claiming previously unclaimed edges of G (with Red playing first). The winner is the first one to claim all the edges of some…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-07-19 Asaf Ferber , Pascal Pfister

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer $n$ can be written uniquely as the sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers; a similar result holds for other positive linear recurrence sequences. These legal decompositions can be used to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Steven J. Miller , Eliel Sosis , Jingkai Ye

We consider a cops and robber game where the cops are blocking edges of a graph, while the robber occupies its vertices. At each round of the game, the cops choose some set of edges to block and right after the robber is obliged to move to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Stratis Limnios , Christophe Paul , Joanny Perret , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

We consider playing the game of Tic-Tac-Toe on block designs BIBD($v, k, \lambda$) and transversal designs TD($k, n$). Players take turns choosing points and the first player to complete a block wins the game. We show that triple systems,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Peter Danziger , Melissa A. Huggan , Rehan Malik , Trent G. Marbach

At some places (see the references) Martin Erickson describes a certain game: "Two players alternately write O's (first player) and X's (second player) in the unoccupied cells of an n x n grid. The first player (if any) to occupy four cells…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Thomas Jenrich

Given a fixed graph $H$ with at least two edges and positive integers $n$ and $b$, the strict $(1 \colon b)$ Avoider-Enforcer $H$-game, played on the edge set of $K_n$, has the following rules: In each turn Avoider picks exactly one edge,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-31 Małgorzata Bednarska-Bzdȩga , Omri Ben-Eliezer , Lior Gishboliner , Tuan Tran

Let $n, k$ be positive integers. The $(k+1)$-star avoidance game on $K_n$ is played as follows. Two players take it in turn to claim a (previously unclaimed) edge of the complete graph on $n$ vertices. The first player to claim all edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Adrian Beker

Consider the following probabilistic one-player game: The board is a graph with $n$ vertices, which initially contains no edges. In each step, a new edge is drawn uniformly at random from all non-edges and is presented to the player,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Michael Belfrage , Torsten Mütze , Reto Spöhel