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Recent procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) methods allow learning from existing content to produce similar content automatically. While these approaches are able to generate content for different games (e.g. Super…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Vanessa Volz , Niels Justesen , Sam Snodgrass , Sahar Asadi , Sami Purmonen , Christoffer Holmgård , Julian Togelius , Sebastian Risi

Reward design plays a pivotal role in the training of game AIs, requiring substantial domain-specific knowledge and human effort. In recent years, several studies have explored reward generation for training game agents and controlling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 In-Chang Baek , Sung-Hyun Kim , Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Jin-Ha Noh , Julian Togelius , Kyung-Joong Kim

Task environments developed in Minecraft are becoming increasingly popular for artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, most of these are currently constructed manually, thus failing to take advantage of procedural content generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Adarsh Pyarelal , Aditya Banerjee , Kobus Barnard

Achieving optimal balance in games is essential to their success, yet reliant on extensive manual work and playtesting. To facilitate this process, the Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) framework has recently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Florian Rupp , Alessandro Puddu , Christian Becker-Asano , Kai Eckert

Tabletop roleplaying games (TTRPGs) and procedural content generators can both be understood as systems of rules for producing content. In this paper, we argue that TTRPG design can usefully be viewed as procedural content generator design.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Matthew Guzdial , Devi Acharya , Max Kreminski , Michael Cook , Mirjam Eladhari , Antonios Liapis , Anne Sullivan

Procedural story generation (PCG) tailors a unique narrative experience for a player and can be accomplished via multiple techniques, from matching storylets to grammar-based generation. There exists a rich opportunity for evolutionary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Erik M. Fredericks , Byron DeVries

Methods for dynamic difficulty adjustment allow games to be tailored to particular players to maximize their engagement. However, current methods often only modify a limited set of game features such as the difficulty of the opponents, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , David Ha , Sebastian Risi

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is widely used to create scalable and diverse environments in games. However, existing methods, such as the Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm, are often limited to static scenarios and lack the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Aniruddha Srinivas Joshi

Machine learning for procedural content generation has recently become an active area of research. Levels vary in both form and function and are mostly unrelated to each other across games. This has made it difficult to assemble suitably…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) and Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) have been used in prior work for generating levels in various games. This paper introduces Content Augmentation and focuses on the subproblem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Johor Jara Gonzalez , Matthew Guzdial

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) enables game content to be created algorithmically without direct manual level-design effort, but it introduces a serious evaluation problem: generated content may become unbalanced, blocked, repetitive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rishabh Kar

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) has shown success at producing new video game content with machine learning. However, the majority of the work has focused on the production of static game content, including game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Nazanin Yousefzadeh Khameneh , Matthew Guzdial

Procedural content generation (PCG) has made substantial progress in shaping static 2D/3D geometry, while most methods treat gameplay mechanics as auxiliary and optimize only over space. We argue that this limits controllability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

This paper introduces the Procedural Content Generation Benchmark for evaluating generative algorithms on different game content creation tasks. The benchmark comes with 12 game-related problems with multiple variants on each problem.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Ahmed Khalifa , Roberto Gallotta , Matthew Barthet , Antonios Liapis , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Procedural content generation (PCG) concerns all sorts of algorithms and tools which automatically produce game content, without requiring manual authoring by game artists. Besides generating com-plex static meshes, the PCG core usually…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Anthony Savidis

Recent research has highlighted the significance of natural language in enhancing the controllability of generative models. While various efforts have been made to leverage natural language for content generation, research on deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 In-Chang Baek , Sung-Hyun Kim , Seo-Young Lee , Dong-Hyeon Kim , Kyung-Joong Kim

In this paper it is considered rule reduct generation problem, based on Rough Set Theory. Rule Reduct Generation (RG) and Modified Rule Generation (MRG) algorithms are well-known. Alternative to these algorithms Pruning Algorithm of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Şahin Emrah Amrahov , Fatih Aybar , Serhat Doğan

Mixed-initiative Procedural Content Generation (PCG) refers to tools or systems in which a human designer works with an algorithm to produce game content. This area of research remains relatively under-explored, with the majority of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Matthew Guzdial , Nathan Sturtevant , Carolyn Yang

Temporally language grounding in untrimmed videos is a newly-raised task in video understanding. Most of the existing methods suffer from inferior efficiency, lacking interpretability, and deviating from the human perception mechanism.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Jie Wu , Guanbin Li , Si Liu , Liang Lin

Graph Generation is a recently introduced enhanced Column Generation algorithm for solving expanded Linear Programming relaxations of mixed integer linear programs without weakening the expanded relaxations which characterize these methods.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-04 Julian Yarkony , Amelia Regan