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Procedural content generation (PCG) can be applied to a wide variety of tasks in games, from narratives, levels and sounds, to trees and weapons. A large amount of game content is comprised of graphical assets, such as clouds, buildings or…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Kaisei Fukaya , Damon Daylamani-Zad , Harry Agius

Procedural content generation (PCG) is of great interest to game design and development as it generates game content automatically. Motivated by the recent learning-based PCG framework and other existing PCG works, we propose an alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Peizhi Shi , Ke Chen

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) is the process of procedurally generating game content using models trained on existing game content. PCGML methods can struggle to capture the true variance present in underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Bowei Li , Ruohan Chen , Yuqing Xue , Ricky Wang , Wenwen Li , Matthew Guzdial

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) foregoes the need for large human-authored data-sets and allows agents to train explicitly on functional constraints, using computable, user-defined measures of quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Zehua Jiang , Sam Earle , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the level of research interest in procedural content generation (PCG) for digital games, and there are now numerous research avenues focused on new approaches for driving and applying PCG…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Oliver Withington , Laurissa Tokarchuk

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) has demonstrated its usefulness as a content and game creation approach, and has been shown to be able to support human creativity. An important facet of creativity is combinational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Sam Snodgrass , Anurag Sarkar

We introduce a procedural content generation (PCG) framework at the intersections of experience-driven PCG and PCG via reinforcement learning, named ED(PCG)RL, EDRL in short. EDRL is able to teach RL designers to generate endless playable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Tianye Shu , Jialin Liu , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) has been introduced as a means by which controllable designer agents can be trained based only on a set of computable metrics acting as a proxy for the level's quality and key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Julian Togelius

Procedural content generation (PCG) has recently become one of the hottest topics in computational intelligence and AI game researches. Among a variety of PCG techniques, search-based approaches overwhelmingly dominate PCG development at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Jonathan Roberts , Ke Chen

Procedural content generation (PCG) has become an increasingly popular technique in game development, allowing developers to generate dynamic, replayable, and scalable environments with reduced manual effort. In this study, a novel method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Miraç Buğra Özkan

Procedural content generation uses algorithmic techniques to create large amounts of new content for games at much lower production costs. In newer approaches, procedural content generation utilizes machine learning. However, these methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Davor Hafnar , Jure Demšar

Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) has enhanced game content creation, yet challenges in controllability and limited training data persist. This study addresses these issues by distilling a constructive PCG algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yuhe Nie , Michael Middleton , Tim Merino , Nidhushan Kanagaraja , Ashutosh Kumar , Zhan Zhuang , Julian Togelius

Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML), the study of generating game levels with machine learning, has received a large amount of recent academic attention. For certain measures these approaches have shown success at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Matthew Guzdial , Nicholas Liao , Mark Riedl

In recent years, Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML) techniques have been applied to generate game levels with machine learning. These approaches rely on human-annotated representations of game levels. Creating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Mrunal Jadhav , Matthew Guzdial

Serious Games (SGs) are nowadays shifting focus to include procedural content generation (PCG) in the development process as a means of offering personalized and enhanced player experience. However, the development of a framework to assess…

Machine learning has been a popular tool in many different fields, including procedural content generation. However, procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) approaches can struggle with controllability and coherence. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Kynan Sorochan , Jerry Chen , Yakun Yu , Matthew Guzdial

Co-creative Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) refers to systems where a PCGML agent and a human work together to produce output content. One of the limitations of co-creative PCGML is that it requires co-creative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Zisen Zhou , Matthew Guzdial

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) techniques enable automatic creation of diverse and complex environments. While PCG facilitates more efficient content creation, ensuring consistently high-quality, industry-standard content remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mahdi Farrokhimaleki , Parsa Rahmati , Richard Zhao

The attempt to utilize machine learning in PCG has been made in the past. In this survey paper, we investigate how generative artificial intelligence (AI), which saw a significant increase in interest in the mid-2010s, is being used for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Xinyu Mao , Wanli Yu , Kazunori D Yamada , Michael R. Zielewski

Procedural Music Generation (PMG) is an emerging field that algorithmically creates music content for video games. By leveraging techniques from simple rule-based approaches to advanced machine learning algorithms, PMG has the potential to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shangxuan Luo , Joshua Reiss