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Most existing results about \emph{last-iterate convergence} of learning dynamics are limited to two-player zero-sum games, and only apply under rigid assumptions about what dynamics the players follow. In this paper we provide new results…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Ioannis Anagnostides , Ioannis Panageas , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

We consider the problem of online learning in Linear Quadratic Control systems whose state transition and state-action transition matrices $A$ and $B$ may be initially unknown. We devise an online learning algorithm and provide guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yassir Jedra , Alexandre Proutiere

We study the deterministic and randomized query complexity of finding approximate equilibria in bimatrix games. We show that the deterministic query complexity of finding an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium when $\epsilon < \frac{1}{2}$ is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-13 John Fearnley , Rahul Savani

We study risk-sensitive multi-agent reinforcement learning under general-sum Markov games, where agents optimize the entropic risk measure of rewards with possibly diverse risk preferences. We show that using the regret naively adapted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yingjie Fei , Ruitu Xu

This paper makes progress towards learning Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum Markov games from offline data. Specifically, consider a $\gamma$-discounted infinite-horizon Markov game with $S$ states, where the max-player has $A$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yuling Yan , Gen Li , Yuxin Chen , Jianqing Fan

In zero-sum games, the optimal strategy is well-defined by the Nash equilibrium. However, it is overly conservative when playing against suboptimal opponents and it can not exploit their weaknesses. Limited look-ahead game solving in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 David Milec , Ondřej Kubíček , Viliam Lisý

Learning and computation of equilibria are central problems in game theory, theory of computation, and artificial intelligence. In this work, we introduce proximal regret, a new notion of regret based on proximal operators that lies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yang Cai , Constantinos Daskalakis , Haipeng Luo , Chen-Yu Wei , Weiqiang Zheng

Learning to play zero-sum games is a fundamental problem in game theory and machine learning. While significant progress has been made in minimizing external regret in the self-play settings or with full-information feedback, real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shinji Ito , Haipeng Luo , Arnab Maiti , Taira Tsuchiya , Yue Wu

Contemporary applications of machine learning in two-team e-sports and the superior expressivity of multi-agent generative adversarial networks raise important and overlooked theoretical questions regarding optimization in two-team games.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

In this paper, we consider a distributed learning problem in a subnetwork zero-sum game, where agents are competing in different subnetworks. These agents are connected through time-varying graphs where each agent has its own cost function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Shijie Huang , Jinlong Lei , Yiguang Hong , Uday V. Shanbhag , Jie Chen

Adiabatic quantum computing is implemented on specialized hardware using the heuristics of the quantum annealing algorithm. This setup requires the addressed problems to be formatted as discrete quadratic functions without constraints and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Olga Okrut , Keith Cannon , Kareem H. El-Safty , Nada Elsokkary , Faisal Shah Khan

We study the question of obtaining last-iterate convergence rates for no-regret learning algorithms in multi-player games. We show that the optimistic gradient (OG) algorithm with a constant step-size, which is no-regret, achieves a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Noah Golowich , Sarath Pattathil , Constantinos Daskalakis

We show that Optimistic Hedge -- a common variant of multiplicative-weights-updates with recency bias -- attains ${\rm poly}(\log T)$ regret in multi-player general-sum games. In particular, when every player of the game uses Optimistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Constantinos Daskalakis , Maxwell Fishelson , Noah Golowich

We study the problem of learning Nash equilibria in offline two-player zero-sum Markov games. While existing approaches often rely on explicit pessimism to address distribution shift, we show that KL regularization alone suffices to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Claire Chen , Yuheng Zhang , Xinyu Liu , Zixuan Xie , Shuze Daniel Liu , Nan Jiang

Many real-world domains contain multiple agents behaving strategically with probabilistic transitions and uncertain (potentially infinite) duration. Such settings can be modeled as stochastic games. While algorithms have been developed for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Sam Ganzfried , Conner Laughlin , Charles Morefield

Successful algorithms have been developed for computing Nash equilibrium in a variety of finite game classes. However, solving continuous games -- in which the pure strategy space is (potentially uncountably) infinite -- is far more…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Sam Ganzfried

We study the problem of full-information online learning in the "bounded recall" setting popular in the study of repeated games. An online learning algorithm $\mathcal{A}$ is $M$-$\textit{bounded-recall}$ if its output at time $t$ can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jon Schneider , Kiran Vodrahalli

We develop a flexible stochastic approximation framework for analyzing the long-run behavior of learning in games (both continuous and finite). The proposed analysis template incorporates a wide array of popular learning algorithms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Volkan Cevher

As one of the most popular methods in the field of reinforcement learning, Q-learning has received increasing attention. Recently, there have been more theoretical works on the regret bound of algorithms that belong to the Q-learning class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Zehao Dou , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Simon S. Du

Many efficient algorithms have been designed to recover Nash equilibria of various classes of finite games. Special classes of continuous games with infinite strategy spaces, such as polynomial games, can be solved by semidefinite…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Lukáš Adam , Rostislav Horčík , Tomáš Kasl , Tomáš Kroupa