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This paper introduces the MCTS algorithm to the financial world and focuses on solving significant multi-period financial planning models by combining a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm with a deep neural network. The MCTS provides an…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-05-19 Afşar Onat Aydınhan , Xiaoyue Li , John M. Mulvey

A core novelty of Alpha Zero is the interleaving of tree search and deep learning, which has proven very successful in board games like Chess, Shogi and Go. These games have a discrete action space. However, many real-world reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-25 Thomas M. Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M. Jonker

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved great successes in recent years with the help of novel methods and higher compute power. However, there are still several challenges to be addressed such as convergence to locally optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Bilal Kartal , Pablo Hernandez-Leal , Matthew E. Taylor

We consider a deterministic game with alternate moves and complete information, of which the issue is always the victory of one of the two opponents. We assume that this game is the realization of a random model enjoying some independence…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-25 Sylvain Delattre , Nicolas Fournier

The architecture of the neural networks used in Deep Reinforcement Learning programs such as Alpha Zero or Polygames has been shown to have a great impact on the performances of the resulting playing engines. For example the use of residual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Tristan Cazenave

In this study, working with the task of object retrieval in clutter, we have developed a robot learning framework in which Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is first applied to enable a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to learn the intricate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Baichuan Huang , Teng Guo , Abdeslam Boularias , Jingjin Yu

Many enhancements to Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) have been proposed over almost two decades of general game playing and other artificial intelligence research. However, our ability to characterise and understand which variants work well…

We introduce an adaptive tree search algorithm, that can find high-scoring outputs under translation models that make no assumptions about the form or structure of the search objective. This algorithm -- a deterministic variant of Monte…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Wang Ling , Wojciech Stokowiec , Domenic Donato , Laurent Sartran , Lei Yu , Austin Matthews , Chris Dyer

The game of Go is more challenging than other board games, due to the difficulty of constructing a position or move evaluation function. In this paper we investigate whether deep convolutional networks can be used to directly represent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Chris J. Maddison , Aja Huang , Ilya Sutskever , David Silver

We consider task and motion planning in complex dynamic environments for problems expressed in terms of a set of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) constraints, and a reward function. We propose a methodology based on reinforcement learning that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Chris Paxton , Vasumathi Raman , Gregory D. Hager , Marin Kobilarov

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is particularly adapted to domains where the potential actions can be represented as a tree of sequential decisions. For an effective action selection, MCTS performs many simulations to build a reliable tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Seydou Ba , Takuya Hiraoka , Takashi Onishi , Toru Nakata , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

In many risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning settings, the utility of the user is derived from the single execution of a policy. In these settings, making decisions based on the average future returns is not suitable. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Conor F. Hayes , Mathieu Reymond , Diederik M. Roijers , Enda Howley , Patrick Mannion

Lookahead search is perhaps the most natural and widely used game playing strategy. Given the practical importance of the method, the aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical performance examination of lookahead search in a wide…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-19 Vahab Mirrokni , Nithum Thain , Adrian Vetta

Deep learning technology is making great progress in solving the challenging problems of artificial intelligence, hence machine learning based on artificial neural networks is in the spotlight again. In some areas, artificial intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Okyu Kwon

The standard for Deep Reinforcement Learning in games, following Alpha Zero, is to use residual networks and to increase the depth of the network to get better results. We propose to improve mobile networks as an alternative to residual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Tristan Cazenave

Deterministic game-solving algorithms are conventionally analyzed in the light of their average-case complexity against a distribution of random game-trees, where leaf values are independently sampled from a fixed distribution. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Raphaël Boige , Amine Boumaza , Bruno Scherrer

Over the last 10 to 15 years, active inference has helped to explain various brain mechanisms from habit formation to dopaminergic discharge and even modelling curiosity. However, the current implementations suffer from an exponential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Théophile Champion , Lancelot Da Costa , Howard Bowman , Marek Grześ

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a family of sampling-based search algorithms widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains and at the heart of many recent advances in artificial intelligence. Understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiyu Qian , Tim Miller , Zheng Qian , Liyuan Zhao

Gradient-based methods are often used for policy optimization in deep reinforcement learning, despite being vulnerable to local optima and saddle points. Although gradient-free methods (e.g., genetic algorithms or evolution strategies) help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Xiaobai Ma , Katherine Driggs-Campbell , Zongzhang Zhang , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Many of the strongest game playing programs use a combination of Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) and deep neural networks (DNN), where the DNNs are used as policy or value evaluators. Given a limited budget, such as online playing or during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Li-Cheng Lan , Wei Li , Ting-Han Wei , I-Chen Wu