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The combination of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and deep reinforcement learning is state-of-the-art in two-player perfect-information games. In this paper, we describe a search algorithm that uses a variant of MCTS which we enhanced by 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Arta Seify , Michael Buro

This paper proposes a new game-search algorithm, PN-MCTS, which combines Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Proof-Number Search (PNS). These two algorithms have been successfully applied for decision making in a range of domains. We define…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jakub Kowalski , Elliot Doe , Mark H. M. Winands , Daniel Górski , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers

We present a general algorithm to order moves so as to speedup exact game solvers. It uses online learning of playout policies and Monte Carlo Tree Search. The learned policy and the information in the Monte Carlo tree are used to order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Tristan Cazenave

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a search paradigm that first found prominence with its success in the domain of computer Go. Early theoretical work established the soundness and convergence bounds for Upper Confidence bounds applied to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Khoi P. N. Nguyen , Raghuram Ramanujan

Planning problems are among the most important and well-studied problems in artificial intelligence. They are most typically solved by tree search algorithms that simulate ahead into the future, evaluate future states, and back-up those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Arthur Guez , Théophane Weber , Ioannis Antonoglou , Karen Simonyan , Oriol Vinyals , Daan Wierstra , Rémi Munos , David Silver

Video games are a natural and synergistic application domain for artificial intelligence (AI) systems, offering both the potential to enhance player experience and immersion, as well as providing valuable benchmarks and virtual environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Markus Dablander

This paper makes two proposals for Monte Carlo Softmax Search, which is a recently proposed method that is classified as a selective search like the Monte Carlo Tree Search. The first proposal separately defines the node-selection and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Harukazu Igarashi , Yuichi Morioka , Kazumasa Yamamoto

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) methods have proven powerful in planning for sequential decision-making problems such as Go and video games, but their performance can be poor when the planning depth and sampling trajectories are limited or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Xiaoxiao Guo , Satinder Singh , Richard Lewis , Honglak Lee

Recent research suggests that tree search algorithms (e.g. Monte Carlo Tree Search) can dramatically boost LLM performance on complex mathematical reasoning tasks. However, they often require more than 10 times the computational resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

By introducing several improvements to the AlphaZero process and architecture, we greatly accelerate self-play learning in Go, achieving a 50x reduction in computation over comparable methods. Like AlphaZero and replications such as ELF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 David J. Wu

This paper describes three different optimised implementations of playouts, as commonly used by game-playing algorithms such as Monte-Carlo Tree Search. Each of the optimised implementations is applicable only to specific sets of games,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Éric Piette , Matthew Stephenson , Cameron Browne

While Monte Carlo Tree Search and closely related methods have dominated General Video Game Playing, recent research has demonstrated the promise of Rolling Horizon Evolutionary Algorithms as an interesting alternative. However, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Rauca D. Gaina , Simon M. Lucas , Diego Perez-Liebana

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely used in many applications, particularly in gaming, which serves as an excellent training ground for AI models. Google DeepMind has pioneered innovations in this field, employing reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Abdelrhman Shaheen , Anas Badr , Ali Abohendy , Hatem Alsaadawy , Nadine Alsayad , Ehab H. El-Shazly

Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are essential to sequential decision making. The recent AlphaGo and AlphaZero algorithms have shown how to successfully combine these two paradigms in order to solve large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

In this paper, we study the effects of several Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) modifications for video game testing. Although MCTS modifications are highly studied in game playing, their impacts on finding bugs are blank. We focused on bug…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Sinan Ariyurek , Aysu Betin-Can , Elif Surer

Online planning is crucial for high performance in many complex sequential decision-making tasks. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) employs a principled mechanism for trading off exploration for exploitation for efficient online planning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Kalle Kujanpää , Amin Babadi , Yi Zhao , Juho Kannala , Alexander Ilin , Joni Pajarinen

Although RLVR has become an essential component for developing advanced reasoning skills in language models, contemporary studies have documented training plateaus after thousands of optimization steps, i.e., notable decreases in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fang Wu , Weihao Xuan , Heli Qi , Ximing Lu , Aaron Tu , Li Erran Li , Yejin Choi

Monte Carlo Tree Search can be used for automated theorem proving. Holophrasm is a neural theorem prover using MCTS combined with neural networks for the policy and the evaluation. In this paper we propose to improve the performance of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Marc Pierre , Quentin Cohen-Solal , Tristan Cazenave

The game of Go has long served as a benchmark for artificial intelligence, demanding sophisticated strategic reasoning and long-term planning. Previous approaches such as AlphaGo and its successors, have predominantly relied on model-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jingbin Liu , Xuechun Wang

Symbolic task planning for robots is computationally challenging due to the combinatorial complexity of the possible action space. This fact is amplified if there are several sub-goals to be achieved due to the increased length of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Kai Pfeiffer , Leonardo Edgar , Quang-Cuong Pham