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In this work, we study the sample complexity of obtaining a Nash equilibrium (NE) estimate in two-player zero-sum matrix games with noisy feedback. Specifically, we propose a novel algorithm that repeatedly solves linear programs (LPs) to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Jiashuo Jiang , Mengxiao Zhang

We study the problem of learning in zero-sum matrix games with repeated play and bandit feedback. Specifically, we focus on developing uncoupled algorithms that guarantee, without communication between players, the convergence of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Côme Fiegel , Pierre Ménard , Tadashi Kozuno , Michal Valko , Vianney Perchet

Nash equilibrium is a popular solution concept for solving imperfect-information games in practice. However, it has a major drawback: it does not preclude suboptimal play in branches of the game tree that are not reached in equilibrium.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Christian Kroer , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

There has been substantial progress on finding game-theoretic equilibria. Most of that work has focused on games with finite, discrete action spaces. However, many games involving space, time, money, and other fine-grained quantities have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

This paper aims to accommodate games in which the players' dynamics are subject to un-modeled and disturbance terms. The un-modeled and disturbance terms are regarded as extended states for which observers are designed to estimate them.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Maojiao Ye

This work proposes a novel distributed approach for computing a Nash equilibrium in convex games with restricted strongly monotone pseudo-gradients. By leveraging the idea of the centralized operator extrapolation method presented in [4] to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Tatiana Tatarenko , Angelia Nedich

We consider two classes of constrained finite state-action stochastic games. First, we consider a two player nonzero sum single controller constrained stochastic game with both average and discounted cost criterion. We consider the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-06-11 Vikas Vikram Singh , N. Hemachandra

Stochastic games generalize Markov decision processes (MDPs) to a multiagent setting by allowing the state transitions to depend jointly on all player actions, and having rewards determined by multiplayer matrix games at each state. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Michael Kearns , Yishay Mansour , Satinder Singh

We study online reinforcement learning in average-reward stochastic games (SGs). An SG models a two-player zero-sum game in a Markov environment, where state transitions and one-step payoffs are determined simultaneously by a learner and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Chen-Yu Wei , Yi-Te Hong , Chi-Jen Lu

We study the computational complexity of solving stochastic games with mean-payoff objectives. Instead of identifying special classes in which simple strategies are sufficient to play $\epsilon$-optimally, or form $\epsilon$-Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Sougata Bose , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Patrick Totzke

In this paper we propose a numerical method to obtain an approximation of Nash equilibria for multi-player non-cooperative games with a special structure. We consider the infinite horizon problem in a case which leads to a system of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-02-19 Simone Cacace , Emiliano Cristiani , Maurizio Falcone

Game-theoretic approaches and Nash equilibrium have been widely applied across various engineering domains. However, practical challenges such as disturbances, delays, and actuator limitations can hinder the precise execution of Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mahdis Rabbani , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

This letter studies multi-agent reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov potential games. Solving this problem is challenging due to partial observability, decentralized information, and the curse of dimensionality. First, to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wonseok Yang , Thinh T. Doan

This paper considers an $N$-player stochastic Nash game in which the $i$th player minimizes a composite objective $f_i(x) + r_i(x_i)$, where $f_i$ is expectation-valued and $r_i$ has an efficient prox-evaluation. In this context, we make…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-26 Jinlong Lei , Uday V. Shanbhag

We study the problem of computing an $\epsilon$-approximate Nash equilibrium of a two-player, bilinear game with a bounded payoff matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, when the players' strategies are constrained to lie in simple sets. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Ishani Karmarkar , Liam O'Carroll , Aaron Sidford

The thriving field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) studies how a group of interacting agents make decisions autonomously in a shared dynamic environment. Existing theoretical studies in this area suffer from at least two of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Na Li , Yuchen Jiao , Hangguan Shan , Shefeng Yan

We introduce a new algorithm for the numerical computation of Nash equilibria of competitive two-player games. Our method is a natural generalization of gradient descent to the two-player setting where the update is given by the Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games remains a central challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent multi-round regularization methods offer a promising direction, yet existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Eason Yu , Tzu Hao Liu , Clément L. Canonne , Yunke Wang , Chang Xu , Nguyen H. Tran , Stefano V. Albrecht

We study model-based and model-free policy optimization in a class of nonzero-sum stochastic dynamic games called linear quadratic (LQ) deep structured games. In such games, players interact with each other through a set of weighted…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Masoud Roudneshin , Jalal Arabneydi , Amir G. Aghdam

No-regret learning has been widely used to compute a Nash equilibrium in two-person zero-sum games. However, there is still a lack of regret analysis for network stochastic zero-sum games, where players competing in two subnetworks only…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Shijie Huang , Jinlong Lei , Yiguang Hong
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