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This work assembles some basic theoretical elements on thermal equilibrium, stability conditions, and fluctuation theory in self-gravitating systems illustrated with a few examples. Thermodynamics deals with states that have settled down…

Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-12 Joseph Katz

Recent experimental advances in ultrafast phenomena have triggered renewed interest in the dynamics of correlated quantum systems away from equilibrium. We review nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory studies of both the transient and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-25 Herbert F. Fotso , James K. Freericks

The response of thermodynamic systems perturbed out of an equilibrium steady-state is described by the reciprocal and the fluctuation-dissipation relations. The so-called fluctuation theorems extended the study of fluctuations far beyond…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-21 Matteo Polettini , Massimiliano Esposito

Information plays a pivotal role in the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes with feedback. However, much remains to be learned about the nature of information fluctuations in small scale devices and their relation with fluctuations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-12-21 Martin Luc Rosinberg , Jordan M. Horowitz

Recent results on the stationary state Fluctuation Theorems for work and heat fluctuations of Langevin systems are presented. The relevance of finite time corrections in understanding experimental and simulation results is explained in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-07-31 E. G. D. Cohen , Ramses van Zon

Fluctuation theorems (FTs), which describe some universal properties of nonequilibrium fluctuations, are examined from a quantum perspective and derived by introducing a two-point measurement on the system. FTs for closed and open systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Massimiliano Esposito , Upendra Harbola , Shaul Mukamel

The thermodynamics of mesoscopic systems driven by time-varying temperatures is crucial for understanding biological systems, designing nanoscale engines, and performing micro-particle cooling. In this work, we analyze an underdamped…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-03 Felipe P. Abreu , Welles A. M. Morgado

Using the fluctuation theorem supplemented with geometric arguments, we derive universal features of the (long-time) efficiency fluctuations for thermal and isothermal machines operating under steady or periodic driving, close or far from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-26 Gatien Verley , Tim Willaert , Christian Van den Broeck , Massimiliano Esposito

We study the contribution of advection by thermal velocity fluctuations to the effective diffusion coefficient in a mixture of two identical fluids. The steady-state diffusive flux in a finite system subject to a concentration gradient is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 A. Donev , A. de la Fuente , J. B. Bell , A. L. Garcia

Equilibrium thermodynamics is grounded in the law of energy conservation, with a specific focus on how systems exchange energy with their environment during transitions between equilibrium states. These transitions are typically…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-19 Karol Makuch

We present the stochastic thermodynamics analysis of an open quantum system weakly coupled to multiple reservoirs and driven by a rapidly oscillating external field. The analysis is built on a modified stochastic master equation in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-12 Gregory Bulnes Cuetara , Andreas Engel , Massimiliano Esposito

We study two non-equilibrium work fluctuation theorems, the Crooks' theorem and the Jarzynski equality, for a test system coupled to a spatially extended heat reservoir whose degrees of freedom are explicitly modeled. The sufficient…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-02-22 Punyabrata Pradhan , Yariv Kafri , Dov Levine

Without violating causality, we allow performing measurements in time reverse process of a feedback manipulated stochastic system. As a result we come across an entropy production due to the measurement process. This entropy production, in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 A. Kundu

Fluctuation theorems are a class of equalities that express universal properties of the probability distribution of a fluctuating path functional such as heat, work or entropy production over an ensemble of trajectories during a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-09 Lee Jinwoo

The fluctuation-dissipation (F-D) theorem is a fundamental result for systems near thermodynamic equilibrium, and justifies studies between microscopic and macroscopic properties. It states that the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-13 Jianhua Xing

Causality is an important assumption underlying nonequilibrium generalizations of the second law of thermodynamics known as fluctuation relations. We here experimentally study the nonequilibrium statistical properties of the work and of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-01 Maxime Debiossac , Martin Luc Rosinberg , Eric Lutz , Nikolai Kiesel

Almost all processes -- highly correlated, weakly correlated, or correlated not at all---exhibit statistical fluctuations. Often physical laws, such as the Second Law of Thermodynamics, address only typical realizations -- as highlighted by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-09-09 James P. Crutchfield , Cina Aghamohammadi

There is evidence that taking the time average of the work performed by a thermally isolated system effectively "transforms" the adiabatic process into an isothermal one. This approach allows inherent quantities of adiabatic processes to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-03 Pierre Nazé

The understanding of the underlying dynamical mechanisms which determine the macroscopic laws of heat conduction is a long standing task of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. A better understanding of the mechanism of heat conduction…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-09-08 Giulio Casati , Carlos Mejia-Monasterio

Fluctuation dynamics of an experimentally measured observable offer a primary signal for nonequilibrium systems, along with dynamics of the mean. While universal speed limits for the mean have actively been studied recently, constraints for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-08 Ryusuke Hamazaki