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While posit format offers superior dynamic range and accuracy for transprecision computing, its adoption in RISC-V processors is hindered by the lack of a unified solution for lightweight, precision-scalable, and IEEE-754 arithmetic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qiong Li , Chao Fang , Longwei Huang , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

This paper introduces a novel 32-bit microprocessor, based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture, is designed,utilising a dynamic clock source to achieve high efficiency, overcoming the limitations of hardware delays. In addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Keyu Chen , Xuyi Hu , Robert Killey

Chip industry continues advancing and expanding modern computing systems, resulting in more complex multi-core processors. Conversely, academic projects face scalability challenges due to limited resources, highlighting the need for…

Recently, RISC-V has contributed to the development of IoT devices, requiring architectures that balance energy efficiency, compact area, and integrated security. However, most recent RISC-V cores for IoT prioritize either area footprint or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Christian Ewert , Tim Hardow , Melf Fritsch , Leon Dietrich , Henrik Strunck , Rainer Buchty , Mladen Berekovic , Saleh Mulhem

This report makes the case that a well-designed Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) can match, and even exceed, the performance and code density of existing commercial Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC) while maintaining the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Christopher Celio , Palmer Dabbelt , David A. Patterson , Krste Asanović

The recent exponential growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has relied on GPU-based systems. However, CPUs are emerging as a flexible and lower-cost alternative, especially when targeting inference and reasoning workloads. RISC-V is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Javier J. Poveda Rodrigo , Mohamed Amine Ahmdi , Alessio Burrello , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Luca Benini

Vector architectures are gaining traction for highly efficient processing of data-parallel workloads, driven by all major ISAs (RISC-V, Arm, Intel), and boosted by landmark chips, like the Arm SVE-based Fujitsu A64FX, powering the TOP500…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Matteo Perotti , Matheus Cavalcante , Nils Wistoff , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

This paper presents a novel System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for accelerating complex deep learning models for edge computing applications through a combination of hardware and software optimisations. The hardware architecture tightly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Vineet Kumar , Ajay Kumar M , Yike Li , Shreejith Shanker , Deepu John

Open-source hardware (OSHW) is rapidly gaining traction in academia and industry. The availability of open RTL descriptions, EDA tools, and even PDKs enables a fully auditable supply chain for end-to-end (RTL to layout) open-source silicon,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Paul Scheffler , Philippe Sauter , Thomas Benz , Frank K. Gürkaynak , Luca Benini

Prototyping HPC systems with low-to-mid technology readiness level (TRL) systems is critical for providing feedback to hardware designers, the system software team (e.g., compiler developers), and early adopters from the scientific…

RISC-V provides a flexible and scalable platform for applications ranging from embedded devices to high-performance computing clusters. Particularly, its RISC-V Vector Extension (RVV) becomes of interest for the acceleration of AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Federico Nicolas Peccia , Frederik Haxel , Oliver Bringmann

In the context of the Horizon Europe project, METASAT, a hardware platform was developed as a prototype of future space systems. The platform is based on a multiprocessor NOEL-V, an established space-grade processor, which is integrated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Marc Solé i Bonet , Jannis Wolf , Leonidas Kosmidis

HUB format is an emerging technique to improve the hardware and time requirement when round to nearest is needed. On the other hand, RISC-V is an open-source ISA that many companies currently use in their designs. This paper presents a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Gerardo Bandera , Javier Salamero , Miquel Moreto , Julio Villalba

The growing adoption of RISC-V in high-performance and scientific computing has increased the need for performance-portable code targeting the RISC-V Vector (RVV) extension. However, current compiler infrastructures provide limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jie Lei , Héctor Martínez , Adrián Castelló

The RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) has enjoyed phenomenal growth in recent years, however it still to gain popularity in HPC. Whilst adopting RISC-V CPU solutions in HPC might be some way off, RISC-V based PCIe accelerators offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Nick Brown , Ryan Barton

Cryptographic operations are critical for securing IoT, edge computing, and autonomous systems. However, current RISC-V platforms lack efficient hardware support for comprehensive cryptographic algorithm families and post-quantum…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Anh Kiet Pham , Van Truong Vo , Vu Trung Duong Le , Tuan Hai Vu , Hoai Luan Pham , Van Tinh Nguyen , Yasuhiko Nakashima

We present a roadmap for open-source chiplet-based RISC-V systems targeting high-performance computing and artificial intelligence, aiming to close the performance gap to proprietary designs. Starting with Occamy, the first open,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Paul Scheffler , Thomas Benz , Tim Fischer , Lorenzo Leone , Sina Arjmandpour , Luca Benini

RISC-V, an open instruction set architecture, is getting the attention of soft processor developers. Implementing only a basic 32-bit integer instruction set of RISC-V, which is defined as RV32I, might be satisfactory for embedded systems.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Md Ashraful Islam , Hiromu Miyazaki , Kenji Kise

RISC-V is an open instruction set architecture recently developed for embedded real-time systems. To achieve a lasting security on these systems and design efficient countermeasures, a better understanding of vulnerabilities to novel and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Olivier Gilles , Franck Viguier , Nikolai Kosmatov , Daniel Gracia Pérez

This paper presents a novel, non-standard set of vector instruction types for exploring custom SIMD instructions in a softcore. The new types allow simultaneous access to a relatively high number of operands, reducing the instruction count…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Philippos Papaphilippou , Paul H. J. Kelly , Wayne Luk